Cell Biology Flashcards
What is a eukaryotic cell and examples
A more complex cell eg animal and plant cells
What’s a prokaryote cell and an example
Smaller and simpler cells eg bacteria cells
What’s the nucleas
Contains genetic material and controls cell activities
What’s cytoplasm
Gel like substance where most chemical reactions happen
Also contains enzymes
What’s mitochondria
Where most reactions for aerobic respiration
What’s cell membrane
Holds cell together and controls what goes in or out
What’s ribosome
Where proteins are made in the cell
What’s a rigid cell wall
Made of cellulose it supports and strengthens cell
What’s chloroplasts and what do they contain
Where photosynthesis occurs and contains Chlorophyll which is green and absorbs light for photosynthesis
What’s a permenant vacuole
Contains cell sap
What Sub cellular structures do animals cells contain
Nucleus mitochondria cytoplasm cell membrane and ribosomes
What sub cellular structures to plant cells have
Nucleus mitochondria ribosomes cell membrane cytoplasm rigid cell wall chloroplast and permanent vacuole
What sub cellular structure do bacteria cells have
Cell membrane cell wall plasmid cytoplasm
How do light microscopes work
Use light and lenses to magnify a specimen
How do electron microscopes work
Use electrons instead of light and have a much higher resolution than light microscopes
What are the six parts of a microscope
Eyepiece
Cource adjustment knob
Fine adjustment knob
Light
Stage
High and low power objective lens
What is differentiation
Is the procces by which a cell changes to become specialtied for its job
How are sperm cells specialised
Specialised for reproduction
Long tail, streamlined head,lots of mitochondria to provide needed energy,carried enzymes to digest trhough egg cell membrane
How are nerve cells specialised
For rapid signalling
Long and have branched contractions to connect to other nerve cells
How are muscle cells specialised
For contraction
Long to have space to contract
Lots of mitochondria to generate energy needed for contraction
How are root hair cells specialised
Absorbing water and minerals
Gives plant big surface area for absorbing water and mineral ions
How are phloem and xylem cells specialised
Transporting substances
Form tubes end to end
Very few subcelular substances
Why are people against and for stem cell research
Due to each one being potential human life
The embryos used are unwanted for fertility clinics
Where are stem cells in plants and how are there benefits
Meristem cells in it can differentiate into any type of cells
Can be used to grow rare species of plants
Or have desired features eg desise resistant
