Organic Tests and reaction Flashcards

1
Q

Test for phenolic compounds / phenol

A

Add aqueous iron III chloride-

Purple colour or solution present

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2
Q

Test for a carboxylic acid

A

Add sodium carbonate

Fizzing seen with co2 (bubbles))

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3
Q

Test for an alcohol

A

I2/ NaOH (aq)
CH3CHOH group
Yellow PPT
Antiseptic smell

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4
Q

Test for an aldehyde x2

A

Tollens (AgNO3/NH3 complex)
Silver mirror result

Fehlings (CuSO4 complex) - blue to red colour change result

Both redox

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5
Q

Test for aldehydes and ketones

A

24DNP- orange crystals with high melting points (NUCLEOPHILIC addition/elimination)

I2/NaOH A -CH3CO group yellow ppt anti septic smell

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6
Q

Distinguishing between aliphatic and aromatic amines

A

1- add nitrous acid to both in cold conditions
Bubbles nitrogen gas seen with aliphatic, no bubbles with aromatic

2- add nitrous acid to both in cold alkaline conditions, add an aromatic compound eg phenol. A colour is produced with aromatic, no colour with aliphatic

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7
Q

Identifying an ester

A

Hydrolysis reaction- forms a carboxylic acid (and alcohol) in the form of a colourless solution (aliphatic ester) or White PPT (aromatic )

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8
Q

Identifying a basic compound

A

Red litmus paper- turns blue

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9
Q

Identifying an acidic compound

A

Turns blue litmus paper red

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10
Q

Identifying an amide or nitrile

A

Alkane hydrolysis- produce ammonia NH3 gas that turns red litmus blue

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11
Q

Distinguishing between aromatic and aliphatic acids

A

Their solubility in. Water- aliphatic acids are soluble so produce a colourless soliton (no white ppt)

Aromatic acids produce white ppt (insoluble/sparingly)

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12
Q

Nitrating benzene

A

Concentrated sulfuric and nitric acid 55degrees

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13
Q

Halogenising benzene

A

No light; room temp: anhydrous

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14
Q

Alkylation of benzene

A

Room temp , anhydrous

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15
Q

Delocalisation energy calculation of benzene

A

Calculate delta H
One is experimental, one is theoretical

The difference between them is the DE

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16
Q

If aqueous sodium borohydride is used to reduce Unknown compounds at room temp: what are they going to be?

A

Aldehydes or ketones because it only reduces these

17
Q

Why is phenol more subseptible to Electrophilic substitution (addition of bromine/bromine water)

A

Catalyst isn’t required
Conc bromine not required
Mono subsituted product not produced

18
Q

Production of an aromatic ester from phenol

A

Reaction with ethanoyl chloride - NUCLEOPHILIC substitution

19
Q

Method to identify an aldehyde ketone using DNP

A

1 add unknown to dnp in dilute acid
2- orange crystals form
3- filter and wash with cold solvent
4- dry and take the MP and compare with literature value

20
Q

Oxidation reactions reagent and observation

A

Acidification potassium dichromate (aqueous sulfuric acid used)

Orange to green colour change

Not with ketones though as they’re not easily oxidised

21
Q

What is produced in the hydrolysis of acid chlorides

A

Carboxylic acid

22
Q

Is the sodium salt for benzoicacid soluble?

23
Q

How do you obtain a carboxylic acid from salt?

A

Add strong acid

24
Q

How do you isolate a product eg carboxylic acid?

A

Filter
Wash with cold solvent
Recrystallise from hot water
Dry in oven below MP

25
Converting carboxylic acid to amide
Add ammonium carbonate o acid to produce ammonium salt Heat salt and this forms an amide
26
Converting carboxylic acid to nitrile
Add ammonium carbonate to acid and produces ammonium salt Heat salt to form an amide Add phosphorus V oxide (P4O10) amide dehydrates to form nitrile
27
Converting amide to nitrile
Add phosphorus V oxide (P4O10) and it dehydrates to form nitrile
28
Converting nitrile to carboxylic acid
Hydrolysis - acid -- reflux with hydrochloric acid aq and forms a C acid
29
Converting nitrile to amine
Lithium aluminium hydride (reduction) room temp, anhydrous [4H]
30
Converting halogenoalkane to : Nitrile Amine
Nitrile- reflux with potassium cyanide in a solution of ethanol (NUCLEOPHILIC sub) Amine: Heat Halo with excess ammonia in a solution of ethanol Conducted in a sealed tune immersed in boiling water NUCLEOPHILIC sub
31
How to form an aromatic amine eg phenylamine?
Heat nitrobenzene with tin and hydrochloric acid - reduction This forms a soluble salt, then add sodium hydroxide (aq) to form aromatic amine (Use steam distillation to separate phenylamine from nitroB)
32
Forming an aromatic ester from phenol
Add ethanoyl chloride : of produces ester - NUCLEOPHILIC sub
33
Tests for phenol
1- aqueous iron III chloride Purple colour seen (OH) 2- bromine / bromine water- White PPT subsitutes 2,,4,6 positions (Electrophilic substitution)
34
Forming an alkene from an alcohol
Dehydration : excess concentrated sulfuric acid, 180degrees and reflux
35
Formation of an alcohol from an alkene
Hydration - phosphoric acid catalyst 300degrees 70atm | Steam