Organic Synthesis

Question 1

What is it called when a primary alcohol forms a carboxylic acid? And what is it called when primary alcohol forms a aldehyde and when a secondary alcohol forms a ketone? HD

Answer 1

-Reflux
-Heat and distill

Question 2

What 2 things is H2SO4 used for? And what is the reactants and products? 3

Answer 2

• removal of water (alcohol-> alkene)
• To prevent reverse reaction when produced water (COOH-> ester) & (alcohol-> halogenalkane)

Question 3

What is the mechanism that uses H3PO4? H
And what molecule does it use in reaction?
What is the products and reactant?

Answer 3

• Hydration
• H2O
• (Alkene -> Alcohol)

Question 4

What chemical converts Carboxylic acid, ketone, Aldehyde back to Alcohol?

What are the conditions?

What is used in the actual reaction?

Answer 4

-LiAH4
-Reflux
- 2 [H]

Question 5

What is the conditions for Acyl chloride and Acid Anhydride have to react with to produce e.g 1,2,3 amide, ester and carboxylic acid?

Answer 5

Room temperature

Question 6

What can we use to test for acid?

What does it produce?

Answer 6

• Carbonate

-Effervescence

Question 7

How is H2SO4 used as a catalyst?
- U, Re

Answer 7

• Gets used up in the reaction
• H2SO4 is regenerate

Question 8

What are 3 properties of TMS used for HNMR? 5
-peak
- in
-to
-🧱 re
- ➡️ rig

Answer 8

• it’s peak is at 0 (ppm)
• inert
• non toxic
• easy to remove from the sample
• gives one signal furthest to the right

Question 9

Why is both CCl4 and CDCl3 used as as a solvent?

Answer 9

-Have no H (no interference)

Question 10

Out of CCl4 and CDCl3 which one is polar covalent molecule and nonpolar therefore, what are they good for? *Hint Organic molecules/compounds.

Answer 10

-CCl4 Non- Polar (good for non polar organic molecules)

-CDCl3 polar covalent molecule ( good for polar organic compounds)

Question 11

What makes a compound less biodegradable?
-s
-polar
-hydro
-attacked

Answer 11

• strong
  -non- polar
• can’t be hydrolyzed
• can’t be attacked by nucleophile

Question 12

Recrystallization in the first steps, what is it important to do with the imperial solid? Mini v

Answer 12

Dissolve in minimum volume of hot solvent

Question 13

Recrystallization while the dissolved solid in solution is hot what should we do? Using what apparatus?

Answer 13

Filtration using the Buchner apparatus

Question 14

In recrystallization, what does the filtrate collect?DS and SI

Answer 14

-Dissolved solid
-soluble impurities

Question 15

In recrystallization what do we do when we have the dissolved solids and soluble impurities? To generate what?

Answer 15

Ice bath generate crystals