23.2 the transition metals Flashcards
What bonds to complex ions form?
Coordinate bonds
What is a ligand?
Molecules/ions forming a coordinate bond with transition metals having a lone pair of electrons
How many Ligands usually make complex ions?
Three options.
2, 4, 6
What is it called when 2, 4, and six Ligands bond, to a metal ion?
Complex ion
What is the shape called [Co(NH3)6]3+
Octahedra
What is the shape called [CoCl4]2-
Tetrahedral
What is the shape called [NiCN4]2-
Square planar
What are Aqua ions?
Salt TM + water
Normally, how much water Lignins can be formed What is it called?
6, octahedra
What is a monodentate ligand?
Ligands that donates just one line pair of electrons
What is a bidentate ligand?
Ligand that can donate 2 pairs of electrons
NH2CH2CH2NH2 (en)
How many bonds do each en have?
How many en are there?
How many coordination no is there?
What shape does it form?
2
3
6
Octahedral
What is a common bidentate?
What is the shape of a bidentate?
En
🌸
What is an example of a mulitdentate ligand/ hexedenatate/ polydentate ligand?
EDTA4-
What is a chelates?
Complex ion with polydentate ligand.
What can chelates do to d block metals ions?
They can remove d-block metals ions from there solutions
What is the chelate effect?
TM salt solution +EDTA replaces 6H2O
2 species to 7 increases entropy
How do coloured ligands gain their colour, from ground state (lower energy level) to exited state (higher energy level)?
- an exited..
- a gab .. corresponds to
- An exited electron from one energy level, goes to higher energy orbital energy levels
- a gap between corresponds to the wavelength of light in visible spectrum
What is the equation which relates to energy change to wavelength?
hc
🔺E = ———
(wavelength)
What is the equation relating to change in energy to frequency?
🔺E = hv
Complexes with higher coordination number with absorb..
What colour will these complexes absorb and what colour would the complex be?
Higher frequency’s of light
-Absorb: blue
- Colored of complex: red
What is my acronym to remember the vanadium colors?
Using oxidation states
You Buy Green Vanadium
5->2 oxidation state
What colour is Cr2+ aqua ion?
(It absorbs low colour)
Blue
Colour of Cr3+?
(It absorbs slightly higher colour)
Red
Co2+ colour?
(Co-> Poo)
Brown
Co3+ aqua ion colour?
Lighter poo
Yellow
Redox reduction reaction from MnO4- to Mn2+
MnO4- + 8H+ + 5e- -> Mn2+ + 4H2O
Co3+ aqua ion colour?
Lighter poo
Yellow
What are the two types of catalyst called? What’s the difference?
- Heterogeneous: different states
- Homogeneous: same state
What can be done to increase the efficiency of a heterogeneous catalyst?sa, spread
-increase surface area
-spread the catalyst onto an inert support medium
Why do catalysts not last forever?
What is this called?
- Overtime surfaces can be covered with unwanted and impurities
- poisoning
What does the contact process involve?
-Sulfuric acid (SO2)
-Vanadium (V) oxide - V2O5
What is the equation of the contact process? With vanadium (V) oxide
What is the eq to regenerate Vanadium (V) oxide?
SO2(s) + V2O5(g) -> SO3 + V2O4
V2O4 + 1/2O2 -> V2O5
What is the harbor process?
What catalysis is used?
N2 (s) + 3H2 (g) <=> 2NH3 (g)
Iron
What is the catalytic converter equation?
What is the catalyst?
2CO + 2NO -> 2CO2 + N2
Rh
What is catalytic poisoning in leaded petrol with a catalytic converter enatail?
- lead sticks to the surface of the catalyst
- The reactants (CO, NO) can be attached to the surface of the catalysts
What is the (homogeneous) reaction between iodide and peroxodisulfate ions?
Is the reaction slow or fast? So what catalyst is added?
S2O8^-2 + 2I^- -> 2SO4 + I2
Slow, because there is a repletion between reactants
- Fe^2+
So what does Fe^2+ react with? S2..
What is the equation?
What does Fe3+ use to regenerate the catalyst? And what is the eq?
- S2O8^-2
-S2O8^-2 + Fe^2+ -> 2SO4^2- + 2Fe^3+ - I^-
- 2Fe^3+ 2I^- -> 2Fe^2+ + I2
What is the autocatalysis reaction between MnO4^- and C2O4^2-
-(redox no e-)
What is the catalyst? Why is it called auto catalyst?
What is the reaction between Mn^2+ and MnO4-
What is the reaction to regenerate the Mn^2+ (the catalyst) from Mn^3+ and C2O4^2-
2MnO4^- + 16H+ + 5C2O4^2- -> 2Mn2+ + 8H2O + 10CO2
-Mn2+
- the reaction makes the catalyst
-Mn2+ + MnO4- + 8H+ -> 5Mn^3+ + 4H2O
- Mn^3+ + C2O4^2- -> Mn^2+ + 2CO2
What are the 3 steps to describe a graph of catalysis? Of [MnO4^-] against time?
- Slow: there is more resolution between reactants
- Speeds up: more catalysts being made
- Slow: The reactants are being used up.
