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chemistry > 23.2 the transition metals > Flashcards

23.2 the transition metals Flashcards

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1
Q

What bonds to complex ions form?

A

Coordinate bonds

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2
Q

What is a ligand?

A

Molecules/ions forming a coordinate bond with transition metals having a lone pair of electrons

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3
Q

How many Ligands usually make complex ions?

Three options.

A

2, 4, 6

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4
Q

What is it called when 2, 4, and six Ligands bond, to a metal ion?

A

Complex ion

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5
Q

What is the shape called [Co(NH3)6]3+

A

Octahedra

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6
Q

What is the shape called [CoCl4]2-

A

Tetrahedral

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7
Q

What is the shape called [NiCN4]2-

A

Square planar

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8
Q

What are Aqua ions?

A

Salt TM + water

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9
Q

Normally, how much water Lignins can be formed What is it called?

A

6, octahedra

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10
Q

What is a monodentate ligand?

A

Ligands that donates just one line pair of electrons

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11
Q

What is a bidentate ligand?

A

Ligand that can donate 2 pairs of electrons

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12
Q

NH2CH2CH2NH2 (en)
How many bonds do each en have?
How many en are there?
How many coordination no is there?
What shape does it form?

A

2
3
6
Octahedral

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13
Q

What is a common bidentate?
What is the shape of a bidentate?

A

En
🌸

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14
Q

What is an example of a mulitdentate ligand/ hexedenatate/ polydentate ligand?

A

EDTA4-

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15
Q

What is a chelates?

A

Complex ion with polydentate ligand.

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16
Q

What can chelates do to d block metals ions?

A

They can remove d-block metals ions from there solutions

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17
Q

What is the chelate effect?

A

TM salt solution +EDTA replaces 6H2O
2 species to 7 increases entropy

18
Q

How do coloured ligands gain their colour, from ground state (lower energy level) to exited state (higher energy level)?
- an exited..
- a gab .. corresponds to

A
  • An exited electron from one energy level, goes to higher energy orbital energy levels
  • a gap between corresponds to the wavelength of light in visible spectrum
19
Q

What is the equation which relates to energy change to wavelength?

A

hc
🔺E = ———
(wavelength)

20
Q

What is the equation relating to change in energy to frequency?

A

🔺E = hv

21
Q

Complexes with higher coordination number with absorb..

What colour will these complexes absorb and what colour would the complex be?

A

Higher frequency’s of light

-Absorb: blue
- Colored of complex: red

22
Q

What is my acronym to remember the vanadium colors?
Using oxidation states

A

You Buy Green Vanadium

5->2 oxidation state

23
Q

What colour is Cr2+ aqua ion?

(It absorbs low colour)

A

Blue

24
Q

Colour of Cr3+?

(It absorbs slightly higher colour)

A

Red

25
Q

Co2+ colour?

(Co-> Poo)

A

Brown

26
Q

Co3+ aqua ion colour?

Lighter poo

A

Yellow

27
Q

Redox reduction reaction from MnO4- to Mn2+

A

MnO4- + 8H+ + 5e- -> Mn2+ + 4H2O

28
Q

Co3+ aqua ion colour?

Lighter poo

A

Yellow

29
Q

What are the two types of catalyst called? What’s the difference?

A
  • Heterogeneous: different states
  • Homogeneous: same state
30
Q

What can be done to increase the efficiency of a heterogeneous catalyst?sa, spread

A

-increase surface area
-spread the catalyst onto an inert support medium

31
Q

Why do catalysts not last forever?
What is this called?

A
  • Overtime surfaces can be covered with unwanted and impurities
  • poisoning
32
Q

What does the contact process involve?

A

-Sulfuric acid (SO2)

-Vanadium (V) oxide - V2O5

33
Q

What is the equation of the contact process? With vanadium (V) oxide

What is the eq to regenerate Vanadium (V) oxide?

A

SO2(s) + V2O5(g) -> SO3 + V2O4

V2O4 + 1/2O2 -> V2O5

34
Q

What is the harbor process?
What catalysis is used?

A

N2 (s) + 3H2 (g) <=> 2NH3 (g)

Iron

35
Q

What is the catalytic converter equation?
What is the catalyst?

A

2CO + 2NO -> 2CO2 + N2

Rh

36
Q

What is catalytic poisoning in leaded petrol with a catalytic converter enatail?

A
  • lead sticks to the surface of the catalyst
  • The reactants (CO, NO) can be attached to the surface of the catalysts
37
Q

What is the (homogeneous) reaction between iodide and peroxodisulfate ions?

Is the reaction slow or fast? So what catalyst is added?

A

S2O8^-2 + 2I^- -> 2SO4 + I2

Slow, because there is a repletion between reactants
- Fe^2+

38
Q

So what does Fe^2+ react with? S2..

What is the equation?

What does Fe3+ use to regenerate the catalyst? And what is the eq?

A
  • S2O8^-2
    -S2O8^-2 + Fe^2+ -> 2SO4^2- + 2Fe^3+
  • I^-
  • 2Fe^3+ 2I^- -> 2Fe^2+ + I2
39
Q

What is the autocatalysis reaction between MnO4^- and C2O4^2-
-(redox no e-)

What is the catalyst? Why is it called auto catalyst?

What is the reaction between Mn^2+ and MnO4-

What is the reaction to regenerate the Mn^2+ (the catalyst) from Mn^3+ and C2O4^2-

A

2MnO4^- + 16H+ + 5C2O4^2- -> 2Mn2+ + 8H2O + 10CO2

-Mn2+
- the reaction makes the catalyst

-Mn2+ + MnO4- + 8H+ -> 5Mn^3+ + 4H2O

  • Mn^3+ + C2O4^2- -> Mn^2+ + 2CO2
40
Q

What are the 3 steps to describe a graph of catalysis? Of [MnO4^-] against time?

A
  1. Slow: there is more resolution between reactants
  2. Speeds up: more catalysts being made
  3. Slow: The reactants are being used up.

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