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chemistry > ORGANIC SYNTHESIS > Flashcards

ORGANIC SYNTHESIS Flashcards

1
Q

carboxylic acid to alcohol

A

LiAlH4 (dry ether)
reduction

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2
Q

carboxylic acid to acyl chloride

A

PCl5
dry conditions

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3
Q

carboxylic acid to ester

A

Alcohol + H2SO4
heat + reflux

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4
Q

carboxylic acid to carboxylate salt

A

metals or base reaction

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5
Q

acyl chloride to alcohol

A

LiAlH4 (dry ether)
reduction

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6
Q

acyl chloride to sub amide

A

Amine

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7
Q

acyl chloride to amide

A

Conc Ammonia

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8
Q

acyl chloride to ester

A

Alcohol
Dry conditions

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9
Q

ester to carboxylate salt + alcohol

A

NaOH
heat + hydrolysis

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10
Q

ester to protonated carboxylic acid + alcohol

A

HCl
heat + hydrolysis

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11
Q

alkene to alkane

A

nickel catalyst
steam, 200 degrees
hydrogenation

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12
Q

alkene to haloalkane

A

H-X (br, cl)
addition

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13
Q

alkene to diol

A

acidic KMnO4
addition

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14
Q

alkene to poly(alkene)

A

zieger-natter catalyst
heat and high pressure
radical mechanism

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15
Q

haloalkane to alkene

A

warm NaOh in ethanol
elimination

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16
Q

haloalkane to nitrile

A

KCN in ethanol
heat + reflux
substitution

17
Q

haloalkane to amine

A

excess alcoholic ammonia
heat in sealed tube
substitution

18
Q

haloalkane to alcohol

A

warm NaOH in water
hydrolysis
substitution

19
Q

alkane to alkene

A

zeolite catalyst
heat
cracking

20
Q

alkane to haloalkane

A

diatomic halogen (Cl2 / Br2)
radical sub

21
Q

alcohol to alkoxide

A

Na
Acid-base

22
Q

alcohol to chloroalkane

A

PCl5 (s) or PCl3

23
Q

alcohol to bromoalkane

A

KBr + 50% H2SO4
Heat

24
Q

alcohol to Iodoalkane

A

Red Phosphorus + Iodine
Heat

25
Q

Alkene to Alcohol

A
  • steam
  • high heat high pressure
26
Q

Alcohol to Alkene

A
  • H3PO4
  • dehydration
  • elimination
27
Q

Halogenoalkane + aldehyde
to increase chain length

A

HCN and KCN
reflux heat

28
Q

Nitrile to COOH

A
  • dilute aqueous HCL
  • hydrolysis
  • reflux heat
29
Q

nitrile to amine

A

LiAlH4
dry ether

30
Q

grignard reagent

A

haloalkane + Mg
Reflux
Dry Ether
+ dil HCL to end product

31
Q

grignard reagent + methanal

A
  • primary alcohol
32
Q

grignard reagent + -nal

A

secondary alcohol

33
Q

grignard reagent + ketone

A

tertiary alcohol

34
Q

grignard reagent + Co2

A

carboxylate acid

chemistry (15 decks)

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