amines

Question 1

functional group

Answer 1

n - with a lone pair

Question 2

smell

Answer 2

fishy / decay

Question 3

reactions with water

Answer 3

forms:
- ammonium ions
- hydroxide ions

Question 4

reactions with acids

Answer 4

forms:
- ammonium ions
- water
- white solids

Question 5

base strength

Answer 5

aliphatics are stronger than aromatic

why?
- CH3 groups are electron releasing whereas the lone pair on the nitrogen is drawn into the benzene ring

Question 6

why do primary and secondary amines have higher boiling points than tertiary?

Answer 6

Primary and Secondary amines can form hydrogen bonds between themselves due to the N—-H bond

Tertiary amines have no hydrogens attached to a N, Fl, O group (electron withdrawing molecules)

Question 7

why small amines are soluble in water?

Answer 7

• can form hydrogen bonds with water

Question 8

Halogenoalkanes to amines

Answer 8

• excess aqueous, alcoholic ammonia
• reflux in a sealed tube

Question 9

Nitriles —> primary aliphatic amines

Answer 9

• LiAlH4 (dry ether)
• reduction

Question 10

from Nitriles II –> primary aliphatic amines

Answer 10

• catalytic hydrogenation
• H2 (g)
• Nickel catalyst + heat

Question 11

Aromatic benzenes –> primary aromatic amines

Answer 11

1) A - benzene to nitrobenzene

• conc HNO3 + conc H2SO4

2) Nitrobenzene to aromatic

• Tin + conc HCl (50, under reflux)