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Chemistry > organic syntheis > Flashcards

organic syntheis Flashcards

1
Q

Alkane to Haloalkane

A

UV light and X2 (halogen)
FRS

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2
Q

Haloalkane to Alkene

A

KOH, ethanol, reflux
Elimination

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3
Q

Haloalkane to Alcohol

A

warm NaOH, Reflux
Nucleophilic substitution

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4
Q

Haloalkane to Nitrile

A

KCN, Ethanol, reflux
Nucleophilic substitution

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5
Q

Haloalkane to Primary Amine

A

Ammonia, heat. (primary haloalkanes only)
Nucleophilic substitution

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6
Q

Haloalkane to secondary/tertiary amines their salts and quaternary ammonium salts

A

ammonia, heat
not primary haloalkanes
nucleophilic substitutions

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7
Q

Nitrile to Primary amine

A

LiAlH4, dilute H2SO4
reduction

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8
Q

alkene to dibromialkane (test for unsaturation c=c)

A

Br2
20 degrees

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9
Q

Alkene to alcohol

A

H3PO4 catalyst
steam
300 degrees
60 atm
this is “hydration of alkene”

or

H2O, H2SO4 catalyst
electrophilic addition

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10
Q

Alkene to Haloalkane

A

H-halogen e.g. H-Br
20 degrees
electrophilic addition

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11
Q

Alcohol to Alkene

A

conc H2SO4, reflux
elimination

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12
Q

Alcohol to aldehyde/ketone

A

Acidified potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7,H2SO4)
heat in distillation
not tertiary alcohols
oxidation

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13
Q

Alcohol to Carboxylic acid

A

Acidified potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7/H2SO4)
reflux
oxidation
primary alcohols only

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14
Q

Aldehyde/ketone to Alcohol

A

NaBH4 in water with methanol
Nucleophilic addition
reduction

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15
Q

Aldehyde/ketone to Hydroxynitrile

A

KCN, H2SO4,
20 degrees
Nucleophilic Addition

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16
Q

aldehyde/ketone to carboxylic acid

A

Acidified potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7/H2SO4)
Reflux
Oxidation

17
Q

Carboxylic acid to ester

A

alcohol, concentrated H2SO4 catalyst, heat
called an esterification reaction

18
Q

Ester to carboxylic acid

A

dilute H2SO4 catalyst
H2O
reflux
(acid hydrolysis)

19
Q

Acyl Chloride/Acid anhydride to Ester

A

Alcohol
20 degrees
vigorous reaction

20
Q

Acyl chloride/Acid Anhydride to Primary amide

A

violent reaction
NH3
20 degrees

21
Q

Acyl chloride/Acid anhydride to N-substituted Amide

A

primary amine
20 degrees

22
Q

Benzene to nitrobenzene

A

Nitration
Electrophilic substitution
conc H2SO4, Conc HNO3
below 55 degrees

23
Q

Benzene to phenylketone

A

Friedel crafts acylation
Electrophilic substitution
RCOCL
AlCl3 catalyst
reflux
non aqueous environment

24
Q

Nitrobenzene to an aromatic amine

A

reduction
tin, concentrated HCl
reflux
add NaOH

25
Q

Aromatic amine to N-Phenylethanamide

Chemistry (10 decks)

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