inorganic year 1 Flashcards
what is ionisation energy trend along a period and why
ionisation energy increases
atomic radii decrease
nuclear charge increases
what happens to ionisation energy down a group and why
decreases
nuclear attraction decreases due to more shielding
reactivity trend down group 2
increases
shielding increases so outer electrons easier to lose
first ionisation energy down group 2
decreases due to greater atomic radius and increased shielding
melting point down group 2
metallic bonding
the larger the ions in metallic structure the weaker the attractive forces because they have to act over a greater distance
so decreases down the group
solubility of hydroxides down group 2
increases down the group
so Mg(OH)2 least soluble and Ba(OH)2 most soluble
use of Mg(OH)2
antacid
solubility of sulfates down group 2
decrease down group 2
so BaSO4 least soluble
use of BaSO4
barium meals
these are a form of medical tracer to image internal tissues and organs
it’s insoluble so can’t be absorbed into the blood
how to test for sulfate ions
add barium chloride
so barium sulfate precipitate is formed if sulfate ions are present
equation for extraction of titanium from titanium chloride
TiCl4 + 2Mg ———> 2MgCl2 + Ti
give equation for calcium oxide reacting with sulfur dioxide
CaO + 2H2O + SO2 ——-> CaSO3 + 2H2O
boiling points down group 7
increases
Atomic radius increases so van der waals forces strength increases
hence fluorine is a gas at room temp and iodine is a solid
oxidising power down group 7
decreases down group
more shielding so harder to accept an electron
this means a halogen will displace any halide beneath it
reducing power of halide ions
good reducing agents as they donate electrons to species being reduced
increases down group as electrons are easier to lose from larger ions
NaF with H2SO4 and NaCl with H2SO4
NaF + H2SO4 ——-> NaHSO4 + HF
NaCl + H2SO4 ———> NaHSO4 + HCL
NaBr with H2SO4
NaBr + H2SO4 ——-> NaHSO4 + HBr
2 HBr + H2SO4 ———> Br2 + SO2 + 2H2O
NaI + H2SO4
NaI + H2SO4 ———> NaHSO4 + HI
2HI + H2SO4 ——-> I2 + SO2 + 2H2O
6HI + SO2 ——-> H2S + 3I2 + 2H2O
chlorine + water
produces chlorate ions (ClO-)
Cl2 + H2O ———> ClO- + Cl- + 2H+
what does 2NaOH + Cl2 produce
bleach NaClO
