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Chemistry > carboxylic acids and derivatives > Flashcards

carboxylic acids and derivatives Flashcards

1
Q

how are carboxylic acids produced

A

oxidation of primary alcohols under reflux

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2
Q

what does a carboxylic acid dissociate to ?

A

RCOO- and H+

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3
Q

what do carboxylic acids produce when react with a carbonate

A

a carbonate salt, water and CO2

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4
Q

why are small chain carboxylic acids soluble in water

A

can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules between a lone pair on an oxygen atom and a delta positive hydrogen atom

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5
Q

how are esters produced ?

A

esterification reaction
carboxylic acid + alcohol in the presence of a strong acid catalyst

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6
Q

what are esters give some properties and a use

A

sweet smelling compounds
low boiling points
good solvents for other polar molecules

used in perfumes and food flavouring

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7
Q

how are triglyceride esters produced

A

glycerol undergoes esterification

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8
Q

what is biodiesel produced from

A

vegetable oils and methanol in the presence of a strong acid catalyst

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9
Q

product of ester hydrolysis under acidic conditions

A

alcohol and carboxylic acid

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10
Q

product of ester hydrolysis under alkaline conditions and why

A

carbonate salt + an alcohol

the carboxylic acid produced reacts with the base further to form a salt

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11
Q

what is the production of this salt called ?

A

saponification

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12
Q

why are salts produced from esters used as soaps

A

they have hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties

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13
Q

give the 3 main derivatives of carboxylic acids

A

acid anhydrides
acyl chlorides
amides

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14
Q

how are acid anhydrides formed

A

water is removed from 2 carboxylic acids

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15
Q

how do acyl chlorides react and why

A

violently
due to very polar COCl group

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16
Q

what reactions do those 3 carboxylic acid derivatives undergo

A

nucleophilic addition-elimination

17
Q

product of acyl chloride + water

A

carboxylic acid

18
Q

product of acyl chloride + alcohol

19
Q

product of acyl chloride + ammonia

20
Q

product of acyl chloride + amine

A

N substituted amide

21
Q

what is aspirin and what is it produced from

A

an ester
produced from salicylic acid and ethanoic anhydride

22
Q

why is ethanoyl chloride not used in industry to produce aspirin ?

A

it is expensive and produces harmful HCl fumes so ethanoic anhydride is much safer

Chemistry (23 decks)

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