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Chemistry > Organic Structure > Flashcards

Organic Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe the relationship between boiling point and chain length

A

boiling point increases with chain length (increased dispersion forces)

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2
Q

A substance with a low melting point and high solubility in cyclohexane is most likely to be an _______.

A

Alkane / hydrocarbon

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3
Q

Does a ‘cis’ or a ‘trans’ geometrical isomer have similar substituents on the opposite side of a double bond?

A

trans

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4
Q

What are the prefixes used to represent the number of carbons? List 1-10

A

Meth, eth, prop, but, pent, hex, hept, oct, non, dec

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5
Q

Name the classes of organic compounds that have functional groups that contain nitrogen?

A

Amines, amides and nitriles

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6
Q

What are the prefixes used to show multiple branches of the same type?

A

Di, tri, tetra and penta

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7
Q

Name the classes of organic compounds that have functional groups with oxygen in them?

A

Alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and esters

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8
Q

What class/es of organic compounds contain a carbonyl functional group?

A

Aldehydes and ketones

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9
Q

Sequence in order of increasing solubility in water - carboxylic acid, ketone, alcohol

A

Ketone, alcohol, carboxylic acid (dipole only, H-bonding, 2x H- bonding)

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10
Q

What class of organic compound contains a hydroxyl functional group?

A

Alcohols

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11
Q

What differs between primary, secondary and tertiary amides?

A

The number of alkyl (R) groups attached to the nitrogen atom

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12
Q

What does the suffix “yne” in a name represent?

A

The presence of one or more triple bonds

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13
Q

What does the functional group of an ester look like?

A

They have a carbon that has both a carbonyl group and an oxygen that is linked to another carbon

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14
Q

What functional group do amides have?

A

An amine group attached to a carbon with a carbonyl group attached to it

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15
Q

What does the name of a branch end in?

A

‘yl’

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16
Q

What functional group do carboxylic acids have?

A

Carboxyl functional group or COOH

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17
Q

What does the
suffix “ane” in a name represent?

A

Single bonds or saturated

18
Q

What is a carbonyl functional group?

A

A double bonded oxygen to a carbon (C=O)

19
Q

What does the
suffix “ene” in a name represent?

A

The presence of
one or more
double bonds

20
Q

What is a carboxyl functional group?

A

COOH - a double bonded oxygen and a hydroxyl group attached to the same carbon

21
Q

What is a functional group?

A

An atom or a group of atoms in an organic compound that determines the reactivity and properties of that compound

22
Q

What is a straight chained alkane?

A

A hydrocarbon that contains all single bonds with no branches

23
Q

What is a geometrical isomer?

A

Compounds that have the same atoms but have a different arrangement of atoms around a double bond

24
Q

What is a structural isomer?

A

Organic molecules that have the same molecular formula but different bonds between the atoms

25
Q

What is a homologous series?

A

A group of organic molecules with the same functional group but a different number of carbon atoms in the main chain

26
Q

What is the difference between a primary, secondary and tertiary alcohol?

A

The number of carbon atoms attached to the carbon that the hydroxyl is attached to

27
Q

What is a hydrocarbon?

A

An organic compound that only contains carbon and hydrogen

28
Q

What is the difference between the positioning of the carbonyl functional group in ketones and aldehydes?

A

Aldehydes have the functional group on an end carbon. Ketones have them on a carbon in the middle of the parent chain

29
Q

What is a hydroxyl functional group?

A

OH

30
Q

What is the functional
group in the nitrile
class of organic
molecules?

A

A carbon triple bonded to a nitrogen

31
Q

What is the rule when assigning a number to show the location of a functional group?

A

Always give the carbon that the functional group is attached to the lowest possible number

32
Q

What suffix is used in the naming of alcohols?

A

ol

33
Q

What molecule are amines and amides derived from?

A

Ammonia (NH3)

34
Q

What suffix is used in the naming of the nitrile class of organic molecules?

A

nitrile

35
Q

What suffix is used for amines?

A

amine

36
Q

What suffix is used to name amides?

A

amide

37
Q

What suffix is used in the names of an ester?

A

… yl …oate

38
Q

What type of functional group does a haloalkane contain?

A

Halogens such as chlorine, bromine, fluorine and iodine

39
Q

What suffix is used in the names of carboxylic acids?

A

oic acid

40
Q

Which is more volatile - pentane or dimethylpropane?

A

Dimethyl propane (branches reduce IMF strength)

40
Q

Where is the hydroxyl
functional group
located in a primary
alcohol?

A

It is always attached to a carbon on the end of a carbon parent chain

41
Q

Why are the smaller alcohols e.g. ethanol more soluble in water?

A

Polar molecules that H-bond allows increased solubility. Smaller carbon chain does not interfer with the H- bonding.

Chemistry (9 decks)

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