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AQA A-Level Chemistry > Organic Reactions and Conditions > Flashcards

Organic Reactions and Conditions Flashcards

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1
Q

Give the conditions for the synthesis of branched and cyclic alkanes and aromatics from an alkane

A

Zeolite catalyst
450*C

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2
Q

Give the reagent for the synthesis of haloalkanes from alkanes (chlorination)

A

Cl2

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3
Q

Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of haloalkanes from alkanes (chlorination)

A

Free radical substitution

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4
Q

Give the conditions for the synthesis of haloalkanes from alkanes (chlorination)

A

U.V. light

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5
Q

Give the reagent for the synthesis of dibromoalkane from an alkene

A

Br2

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6
Q

Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of dibromoalkane from an alkene

A

Electrophilic addition

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7
Q

Give the conditions for the synthesis of dibromoalkane from an alkene

A

Room temperature
aq/org. solvent

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8
Q

Give the reagent for the synthesis of bromoalkane from an alkene

A

HBr

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9
Q

Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of bromoalkane from an alkene

A

Electrophilic addition

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10
Q

Give the conditions for the synthesis of bromoalkane from an alkene

A

Bubble at room temperature

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11
Q

Give the reagent for the synthesis of alkyl hydrogensulphate from an alkene

A

H2SO4

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12
Q

Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of alkyl hydrogensulphate from an alkene

A

Electrophilic addition

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13
Q

Give the conditions for the synthesis of alkyl hydrogensulphate from an alkene

A

Cold conc. H2SO4

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14
Q

Give the reagent for the synthesis of alcohol from an alkene

A

H2O

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15
Q

Give the conditions for the synthesis of alcohol from an alkene

A

H3PO4 catalyst, 300*C, 6500 kPa

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16
Q

Give the reagent for the synthesis of alkane from an alkene

A

H2

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17
Q

Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of alcohol from an alkene

A

Addition

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18
Q

Give the conditions for the synthesis of alcohol from an alkene

A

Nickel catalyst
150*C
OR
Phosphoric acid catalyst
Water

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19
Q

Give the reagent for the synthesis of addition polymers from an alkene

A

Alkenes

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20
Q

Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of addition polymers from an alkene

A

Addition polymerisation

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21
Q

Give the reagent for the synthesis of nitrile from a haloalkane

A

KCN or NaCN

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22
Q

Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of nitrile from a haloalkane

A

Nucleophilic substitution

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23
Q

Give the conditions for the synthesis of nitrile from a haloalkane

A

Warm
Aq alcohol

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24
Q

Give the reagent for the synthesis of a 1* amine (and 2, 3, 4* salt) from a haloalkane

A

NH3

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25
Q

Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of a 1* amine (and 2, 3, 4* salt) from a haloalkane

A

Nucleophilic substitution

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26
Q

Give the conditions for the synthesis of a 1* amine (and 2, 3, 4* salt) from a haloalkane

A

Sealed tube
Excess ammonia

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27
Q

Give the reagent for the synthesis of an alcohol from a haloalkane

A

NaOH or KOH

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28
Q

Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of an alcohol from a haloalkane

A

Nucleophilic substitution

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29
Q

Give the conditions for the synthesis of an alcohol from a haloalkane

A

Warm
Aqueous

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30
Q

Give the reagent for the synthesis of an alkene from a haloalkane

A

KOH

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31
Q

Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of an alkene from a haloalkane

A

Elimination

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32
Q

Give the conditions for the synthesis of an alkene from a haloalkane

A

Hot ethanolic solution

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33
Q

Give the reagent for the synthesis of an aldehyde or ketone from an alcohol

A

Acidified potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7/H2SO4)

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34
Q

Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of an aldehyde or ketone from a haloalkane

A

Oxidation

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35
Q

Give the conditions for the synthesis of an aldehyde from a haloalkane

A

Heat under reflux
Haloalkane in excess
Distil off products as soon as they are formed

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36
Q

What type of alcohol is necessary to synthesise it to an aldehyde?

A

1*

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37
Q

What type of alcohol is necessary to synthesise it to a ketone?

A

2*

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38
Q

Give the reagent for the synthesis of a carboxylic acid from an alcohol

A

Acidified potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7/H2SO4)

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39
Q

Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of a carboxylic acid from an alcohol

A

Oxidation

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40
Q

Give the conditions for the synthesis of a carboxylic acid from an alcohol

A

Heat under reflux
Oxidation agent in excess

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41
Q

Give the reagent for the synthesis of an alkene from an alcohol

A

H2SO4 or H3PO4

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42
Q

Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of an alkene from an alcohol

A

Elimination

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43
Q

Give the conditions for the synthesis of an alkene from an alcohol

A

Conc acid 180*C

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44
Q

Give the reagent for the synthesis of a carboxylic acid from an aldehyde

A

Acidified potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7/H2SO4) or Tollen’s reagent or Fehling’s solution

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45
Q

Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of a carboxylic acid from an aldehyde

A

Oxidation

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46
Q

Give the conditions for the synthesis of a carboxylic acid from an aldehyde using acidified potassium dichromate

A

Heat under reflux

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47
Q

Give the conditions for the synthesis of a carboxylic acid from an aldehyde using Tollen’s solution

A

Warm gently

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48
Q

Give the conditions for the synthesis of a carboxylic acid from an aldehyde using Fehling’s solution

A

Warm gently

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49
Q

Give the reagent for the synthesis of a 1* alcohol from an aldehyde (hydrogenation)

A

H2

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50
Q

Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of a 1* alcohol from an aldehyde (hydrogenation)

A

Reduction

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51
Q

Give the conditions for the synthesis of a 1* alcohol from an aldehyde (hydrogenation)

A

Nickel catalyst
150*C
High pressure

52
Q

Give the reagent for the synthesis of a 1* alcohol from an aldehyde (reduction using metal hydride)

A

NaBH4

53
Q

Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of a 1* alcohol from an aldehyde (reduction using metal hydride)

A

Nucleophilic addition

54
Q

Give the reagent for the synthesis of a 2-hydroxynitrile from an aldehyde

A

HCN

55
Q

Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of a 2-hydroxynitrile from an aldehyde

A

Nucleophilic addition

56
Q

Give the conditions for the synthesis of a 2-hydroxynitrile from an aldehyde

A

KCN with dilute acid

57
Q

Give the reagent for the synthesis of a 2* alcohol from an ketones (hydrogenation)

A

H2

58
Q

Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of a 2* alcohol from an ketones (hydrogenation)

A

Reduction

59
Q

Give conditions for the synthesis of a 2* alcohol from an ketones (hydrogenation)

A

Nickel catalyst
150*C

60
Q

Give the reagent for the synthesis of a 2* alcohol from an ketones (reduction by metal hydride)

A

NaBH4

61
Q

Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of a 2* alcohol from an ketones (reduction by metal hydride)

A

Nucleophilic addition

62
Q

Give the reagent for the synthesis of a 2-hydroxynitrile from an ketone

A

HCN

63
Q

Give reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of a 2-hydroxynitrile from an ketone

A

Nucleophilic addition

64
Q

Give the conditions for the synthesis of a 2-hydroxynitrile from an ketone

A

KCN with dilute acid

65
Q

Give the reagent for the synthesis of a (1*) amine from a nitrile

A

H2

66
Q

Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of a (1*) amine from a nitrile

A

Reduction (hydrogenation)

67
Q

Give the conditions for the synthesis of a (1*) amine from a nitrile (hint: catalytic hydrogenation)

A

Nickel catalyst
150*C

68
Q

Give the reagent for the synthesis of a salt from a carboxylic acid

A

NaHCO3

69
Q

Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of a salt from a carboxylic acid

A

Acid/base

70
Q

Give the conditions for the synthesis of a salt from a carboxylic acid

A

Room temp.

71
Q

A salt is produced in the acid/base reaction of a carboxylic acid with NaHCO3. What else is produced?

A

CO2

72
Q

Give the reagent for the synthesis of an ester from a carboxylic acid

A

An alcohol

73
Q

Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of an ester from a carboxylic acid

A

Esterification

74
Q

Give the conditions for the synthesis of an ester from a carboxylic acid

A

Conc. H2SO4 catalyst

75
Q

Give the reagent for the synthesis of a carboxylic acid from an ester

A

H2O

76
Q

Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of a carboxylic acid from an ester

A

Hydrolysis

77
Q

Give the conditions for the synthesis of a carboxylic acid from an ester

A

Acidic
Aq
Warm

78
Q

Give the reagent for the synthesis of a salt and alcohol from an ester

A

H20

79
Q

Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of a salt and alcohol from an ester

A

Hydrolysis

80
Q

Give the conditions for the synthesis of a salt and alcohol from an ester

A

Basic
Aq
Warm

81
Q

Give the reagent for the synthesis of a carboxylic acid from an acyl chloride

A

H2O

82
Q

Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of a carboxylic acid from an acyl chloride

A

Nucleophilic addition-elimination

83
Q

Give the conditions for the synthesis of a carboxylic acid from an acyl chloride

A

Room temperature and pressure

84
Q

Give the reagent for the synthesis of an ester from an acyl chloride

A

Alcohol

85
Q

Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of an ester from an acyl chloride

A

Nucleophilic addition-elimination

86
Q

Give the conditions for the synthesis of an ester from an acyl chloride

A

Anhydrous

87
Q

Give the reagent for the synthesis of an amide from an acyl chloride

A

concentrated ammonia

88
Q

Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of an amide from an acyl chloride

A

Nucleophilic addition-elimination mechanism

89
Q

Give the conditions for the synthesis of an amide from an acyl chloride

A

Anhydrous

90
Q

Give the reagent for the synthesis of an N-substituted amide from an acyl chloride

A

Amine

91
Q

Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of an N-substituted amide from an acyl chloride

A

Nucleophilic addition-elimination

92
Q

Give the conditions for the synthesis of an N-substituted amide from an acyl chloride

A

Anhydrous

93
Q

Give the reagent for the synthesis of a carboxylic acid from an acid anhydride

A

H2O

94
Q

Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of a carboxylic acid from an acid anhydride

A

Nucleophilic addition-elimination

95
Q

Give the conditions for the synthesis of a carboxylic acid from an acid anhydride

A

Warm

96
Q

Give the reagent for the synthesis of an ester from an acid anhydride

A

Alcohol

97
Q

Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of an ester from an acid anhydride

A

Nucleophilic addition-elimination

98
Q

Give the conditions for the synthesis of an ester from an acid anhydride

A

Warm

99
Q

Give the reagent for the synthesis of an amide from an acid anhydride

A

NH3

100
Q

Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of an amide from an acid anhydride

A

Nucleophilic addition-elimination

101
Q

Give the conditions for the synthesis of an amide from an acid anhydride

A

Warm

102
Q

Give the reagent for the synthesis of an N-substituted amide from an acid anhydride

A

Amine

103
Q

Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of an N-substituted amide from an acid anhydride

A

Nucleophilic addition-elimination

104
Q

Give the conditions for the synthesis of an N-substituted amide from an acid anhydride

A

Warm

105
Q

Give the reagent for the synthesis of an N-substituted amide from an amine

A

ROCL (acyl chloride)

106
Q

Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of an N-substituted amide from an amine

A

Nucleophilic addition-elimination

107
Q

Give the conditions for the synthesis of an N-substituted amide from an amine

A

Anhydrous

108
Q

Give the reagent for the synthesis of 2/3/4* amines from an amine

A

RCl

109
Q

Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of 2/3/4* amines from an amine

A

Nucleophilic substitution

110
Q

Give the reagent for the synthesis of an alkyl ammonium salt from an amine

A

H+

111
Q

Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of an alkyl ammonium salt from an amine

A

Acid/base

112
Q

Give the reagent for the synthesis of a cyclohexane from benzene

A

H2

113
Q

Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of a cyclohexane from benzene

A

Addition

114
Q

Give the conditions for the synthesis of a cyclohexane from benzene

A

Nickel catalyst
150*C

115
Q

Give the reagent for the synthesis of nitrobenzene from benzene

A

Conc. HNO3

116
Q

Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of nitrobenzene from benzene

A

Electrophilic substitution

117
Q

Give the conditions for the synthesis of nitrobenzene from benzene

A

Conc H2SO4

118
Q

Give the reagent for the synthesis of a ketone from benzene

A

ROCL (acyl chloride)

119
Q

Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of a ketone from benzene

A

Electrophilic substitution

120
Q

Give the conditions for the synthesis of a ketone from benzene

A

AlCl3 catalyst
Anhydrous

121
Q

Give the reagent for the synthesis of phenyl amine from nitrobenzene

A

Conc. HCl

122
Q

Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of phenyl amine from nitrobenzene

A

Reduction

123
Q

Give the conditions for the synthesis of phenyl amine from nitrobenzene

A

Tin catalyst

124
Q

Give the reaction name for the synthesis of alkanes and alkenes from an alkane

A

Thermal cracking

125
Q

Give the reaction name for the synthesis of branched and cyclic alkanes and aromatics from an alkane

A

Catalytic cracking

AQA A-Level Chemistry (36 decks)

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