Organic Reactions and Conditions Flashcards
1
Q
Give the conditions for the synthesis of branched and cyclic alkanes and aromatics from an alkane
A
Zeolite catalyst
450*C
2
Q
Give the reagent for the synthesis of haloalkanes from alkanes (chlorination)
A
Cl2
3
Q
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of haloalkanes from alkanes (chlorination)
A
Free radical substitution
4
Q
Give the conditions for the synthesis of haloalkanes from alkanes (chlorination)
A
U.V. light
5
Q
Give the reagent for the synthesis of dibromoalkane from an alkene
A
Br2
6
Q
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of dibromoalkane from an alkene
A
Electrophilic addition
7
Q
Give the conditions for the synthesis of dibromoalkane from an alkene
A
Room temperature
aq/org. solvent
8
Q
Give the reagent for the synthesis of bromoalkane from an alkene
A
HBr
9
Q
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of bromoalkane from an alkene
A
Electrophilic addition
10
Q
Give the conditions for the synthesis of bromoalkane from an alkene
A
Bubble at room temperature
11
Q
Give the reagent for the synthesis of alkyl hydrogensulphate from an alkene
A
H2SO4
12
Q
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of alkyl hydrogensulphate from an alkene
A
Electrophilic addition
13
Q
Give the conditions for the synthesis of alkyl hydrogensulphate from an alkene
A
Cold conc. H2SO4
14
Q
Give the reagent for the synthesis of alcohol from an alkene
A
H2O
15
Q
Give the conditions for the synthesis of alcohol from an alkene
A
H3PO4 catalyst, 300*C, 6500 kPa
16
Q
Give the reagent for the synthesis of alkane from an alkene
A
H2
17
Q
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of alcohol from an alkene
A
Addition
18
Q
Give the conditions for the synthesis of alcohol from an alkene
A
Nickel catalyst
150*C
OR
Phosphoric acid catalyst
Water
19
Q
Give the reagent for the synthesis of addition polymers from an alkene
A
Alkenes
20
Q
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of addition polymers from an alkene
A
Addition polymerisation
21
Q
Give the reagent for the synthesis of nitrile from a haloalkane
A
KCN or NaCN
22
Q
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of nitrile from a haloalkane
A
Nucleophilic substitution
23
Q
Give the conditions for the synthesis of nitrile from a haloalkane
A
Warm
Aq alcohol
24
Q
Give the reagent for the synthesis of a 1* amine (and 2, 3, 4* salt) from a haloalkane
A
NH3
25
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of a 1* amine (and 2*, 3*, 4* salt) from a haloalkane
Nucleophilic substitution
26
Give the conditions for the synthesis of a 1* amine (and 2*, 3*, 4* salt) from a haloalkane
Sealed tube
Excess ammonia
27
Give the reagent for the synthesis of an alcohol from a haloalkane
NaOH or KOH
28
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of an alcohol from a haloalkane
Nucleophilic substitution
29
Give the conditions for the synthesis of an alcohol from a haloalkane
Warm
Aqueous
30
Give the reagent for the synthesis of an alkene from a haloalkane
KOH
31
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of an alkene from a haloalkane
Elimination
32
Give the conditions for the synthesis of an alkene from a haloalkane
Hot ethanolic solution
33
Give the reagent for the synthesis of an aldehyde or ketone from an alcohol
Acidified potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7/H2SO4)
34
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of an aldehyde or ketone from a haloalkane
Oxidation
35
Give the conditions for the synthesis of an aldehyde from a haloalkane
Heat under reflux
Haloalkane in excess
Distil off products as soon as they are formed
36
What type of alcohol is necessary to synthesise it to an aldehyde?
1*
37
What type of alcohol is necessary to synthesise it to a ketone?
2*
38
Give the reagent for the synthesis of a carboxylic acid from an alcohol
Acidified potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7/H2SO4)
39
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of a carboxylic acid from an alcohol
Oxidation
40
Give the conditions for the synthesis of a carboxylic acid from an alcohol
Heat under reflux
Oxidation agent in excess
41
Give the reagent for the synthesis of an alkene from an alcohol
H2SO4 or H3PO4
42
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of an alkene from an alcohol
Elimination
43
Give the conditions for the synthesis of an alkene from an alcohol
Conc acid 180*C
44
Give the reagent for the synthesis of a carboxylic acid from an aldehyde
Acidified potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7/H2SO4) or Tollen's reagent or Fehling's solution
45
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of a carboxylic acid from an aldehyde
Oxidation
46
Give the conditions for the synthesis of a carboxylic acid from an aldehyde using acidified potassium dichromate
Heat under reflux
47
Give the conditions for the synthesis of a carboxylic acid from an aldehyde using Tollen's solution
Warm gently
48
Give the conditions for the synthesis of a carboxylic acid from an aldehyde using Fehling's solution
Warm gently
49
Give the reagent for the synthesis of a 1* alcohol from an aldehyde (hydrogenation)
H2
50
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of a 1* alcohol from an aldehyde (hydrogenation)
Reduction
51
Give the conditions for the synthesis of a 1* alcohol from an aldehyde (hydrogenation)
Nickel catalyst
150*C
High pressure
52
Give the reagent for the synthesis of a 1* alcohol from an aldehyde (reduction using metal hydride)
NaBH4
53
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of a 1* alcohol from an aldehyde (reduction using metal hydride)
Nucleophilic addition
54
Give the reagent for the synthesis of a 2-hydroxynitrile from an aldehyde
HCN
55
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of a 2-hydroxynitrile from an aldehyde
Nucleophilic addition
56
Give the conditions for the synthesis of a 2-hydroxynitrile from an aldehyde
KCN with dilute acid
57
Give the reagent for the synthesis of a 2* alcohol from an ketones (hydrogenation)
H2
58
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of a 2* alcohol from an ketones (hydrogenation)
Reduction
59
Give conditions for the synthesis of a 2* alcohol from an ketones (hydrogenation)
Nickel catalyst
150*C
60
Give the reagent for the synthesis of a 2* alcohol from an ketones (reduction by metal hydride)
NaBH4
61
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of a 2* alcohol from an ketones (reduction by metal hydride)
Nucleophilic addition
62
Give the reagent for the synthesis of a 2-hydroxynitrile from an ketone
HCN
63
Give reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of a 2-hydroxynitrile from an ketone
Nucleophilic addition
64
Give the conditions for the synthesis of a 2-hydroxynitrile from an ketone
KCN with dilute acid
65
Give the reagent for the synthesis of a (1*) amine from a nitrile
H2
66
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of a (1*) amine from a nitrile
Reduction (hydrogenation)
67
Give the conditions for the synthesis of a (1*) amine from a nitrile (hint: catalytic hydrogenation)
Nickel catalyst
150*C
68
Give the reagent for the synthesis of a salt from a carboxylic acid
NaHCO3
69
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of a salt from a carboxylic acid
Acid/base
70
Give the conditions for the synthesis of a salt from a carboxylic acid
Room temp.
71
A salt is produced in the acid/base reaction of a carboxylic acid with NaHCO3. What else is produced?
CO2
72
Give the reagent for the synthesis of an ester from a carboxylic acid
An alcohol
73
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of an ester from a carboxylic acid
Esterification
74
Give the conditions for the synthesis of an ester from a carboxylic acid
Conc. H2SO4 catalyst
75
Give the reagent for the synthesis of a carboxylic acid from an ester
H2O
76
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of a carboxylic acid from an ester
Hydrolysis
77
Give the conditions for the synthesis of a carboxylic acid from an ester
Acidic
Aq
Warm
78
Give the reagent for the synthesis of a salt and alcohol from an ester
H20
79
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of a salt and alcohol from an ester
Hydrolysis
80
Give the conditions for the synthesis of a salt and alcohol from an ester
Basic
Aq
Warm
81
Give the reagent for the synthesis of a carboxylic acid from an acyl chloride
H2O
82
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of a carboxylic acid from an acyl chloride
Nucleophilic addition-elimination
83
Give the conditions for the synthesis of a carboxylic acid from an acyl chloride
Room temperature and pressure
84
Give the reagent for the synthesis of an ester from an acyl chloride
Alcohol
85
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of an ester from an acyl chloride
Nucleophilic addition-elimination
86
Give the conditions for the synthesis of an ester from an acyl chloride
Anhydrous
87
Give the reagent for the synthesis of an amide from an acyl chloride
concentrated ammonia
88
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of an amide from an acyl chloride
Nucleophilic addition-elimination mechanism
89
Give the conditions for the synthesis of an amide from an acyl chloride
Anhydrous
90
Give the reagent for the synthesis of an N-substituted amide from an acyl chloride
Amine
91
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of an N-substituted amide from an acyl chloride
Nucleophilic addition-elimination
92
Give the conditions for the synthesis of an N-substituted amide from an acyl chloride
Anhydrous
93
Give the reagent for the synthesis of a carboxylic acid from an acid anhydride
H2O
94
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of a carboxylic acid from an acid anhydride
Nucleophilic addition-elimination
95
Give the conditions for the synthesis of a carboxylic acid from an acid anhydride
Warm
96
Give the reagent for the synthesis of an ester from an acid anhydride
Alcohol
97
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of an ester from an acid anhydride
Nucleophilic addition-elimination
98
Give the conditions for the synthesis of an ester from an acid anhydride
Warm
99
Give the reagent for the synthesis of an amide from an acid anhydride
NH3
100
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of an amide from an acid anhydride
Nucleophilic addition-elimination
101
Give the conditions for the synthesis of an amide from an acid anhydride
Warm
102
Give the reagent for the synthesis of an N-substituted amide from an acid anhydride
Amine
103
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of an N-substituted amide from an acid anhydride
Nucleophilic addition-elimination
104
Give the conditions for the synthesis of an N-substituted amide from an acid anhydride
Warm
105
Give the reagent for the synthesis of an N-substituted amide from an amine
ROCL (acyl chloride)
106
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of an N-substituted amide from an amine
Nucleophilic addition-elimination
107
Give the conditions for the synthesis of an N-substituted amide from an amine
Anhydrous
108
Give the reagent for the synthesis of 2*/3*/4* amines from an amine
RCl
109
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of 2*/3*/4* amines from an amine
Nucleophilic substitution
110
Give the reagent for the synthesis of an alkyl ammonium salt from an amine
H+
111
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of an alkyl ammonium salt from an amine
Acid/base
112
Give the reagent for the synthesis of a cyclohexane from benzene
H2
113
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of a cyclohexane from benzene
Addition
114
Give the conditions for the synthesis of a cyclohexane from benzene
Nickel catalyst
150*C
115
Give the reagent for the synthesis of nitrobenzene from benzene
Conc. HNO3
116
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of nitrobenzene from benzene
Electrophilic substitution
117
Give the conditions for the synthesis of nitrobenzene from benzene
Conc H2SO4
118
Give the reagent for the synthesis of a ketone from benzene
ROCL (acyl chloride)
119
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of a ketone from benzene
Electrophilic substitution
120
Give the conditions for the synthesis of a ketone from benzene
AlCl3 catalyst
Anhydrous
121
Give the reagent for the synthesis of phenyl amine from nitrobenzene
Conc. HCl
122
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of phenyl amine from nitrobenzene
Reduction
123
Give the conditions for the synthesis of phenyl amine from nitrobenzene
Tin catalyst
124
Give the reaction name for the synthesis of alkanes and alkenes from an alkane
Thermal cracking
125
Give the reaction name for the synthesis of branched and cyclic alkanes and aromatics from an alkane
Catalytic cracking
