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AQA A-Level Chemistry > Alcohols > Flashcards

Alcohols Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the conditions for the direct hydration of ethene?

A

Conc. phosphoric acid catalyst
300*C
6000kPa

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2
Q

Direct hydration of ethene produces a low yield. How can you increase the yield?

A

Recycling unreacted ethene several times

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3
Q

What are the raw materials needed for the direct hydration of ethene?

A

Ethene (from crude oil)

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4
Q

What are the conditions for the industrial fermentation of ethene?

A

Enzymes produced by yeast
25-40*C
Absence of oxygen

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5
Q

What is an advantage and disadvantage of using industrial fermentation rather than direct hydration to produce ethanol?

A

Advantages -
Utilises renewable resources
Cheaper equipment
Lower temp and pressure

Disadvantages-
Lower rate of reaction
Not continuous process

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6
Q

What are biofuels?

A

The fuels made from a renewable biological source

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7
Q

If you partially oxidise a primary alcohol what is produced?

A

An aldehyde

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8
Q

If you fully oxidise a primary alcohol what is produced?

A

A carboxylic acid

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9
Q

How do you get an aldehyde from a primary alcohol?

A

Partially oxidise. If you use an excess of alcohol and distil off the aldehyde as soon as it forms. Separates from oxidising agent

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10
Q

How do you get a carboxylic acid from a primary alcohol?

A

Fully oxidise
Alcohol heated under reflux with an excess of the oxidising agent
Carboxylic acid distilled off once the reaction is complete

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11
Q

Why, when making in aldehydes, is the product distilled off as soon as it forms?

A

To remove it from the oxidising agent to prevent it from being oxidised further into a carboxylic acid

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12
Q

How are alcohols produced industrially?

A

The hydration of alkenes in the presence of an acid catalyst

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13
Q

What is the name of the reaction whereby alcohols are converted to alkenes?

A

Elimination reaction

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14
Q

What is a suitable catalyst for the elimination reaction of alcohols to produce alkenes?

A

Hot concentrated sulphuric acid

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15
Q

What can the product of an elimination reaction of alcohols be used for?

A

Can supply alkene monomers for polymerisation from a renewable raw material

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16
Q

Describe and explain the simple acid-catalysed elimination mechanism with propan-2-ol

A
17
Q

What is a suitable oxidising agent?

A

Acidified potassium dichromate (VI)

18
Q

What are secondary alcohols oxidised to?

A

Ketones

19
Q

Describe and explain the simple acid-catalysed hydration mechanism with ethene

A
20
Q

Describe and explain the production of ethanol from the nucleophilic substitution of bromoethane

A

AQA A-Level Chemistry (36 decks)

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