Organic Reactions Flashcards
How do you turn an alkene to a polyalkane?
Heat, high pressure and or a catalyst for addition polymerisation
Name the reaction that turns alkanes into halogenoalkanes
Free radical substitution
Alkane to halogenoalkane (1x condition)
UV light
Halogenoalkane to alcohol (name)
Nucleophilic substitution
Halogenoalkane to alcohol (2x conditions)
Warm, aqueous
Halogenoalkane to amine (name)
Nucleophilic substitution
Halogenoalkane to amine (1x conditions)
Excess ammonia,
Halogenoalkane to nitrile (name)
Nucleophilic substitution
Halogenoalkane to nitrile (2x conditions and reagent)
Aqueous Ethanolic KCN
Halogenoalkane to alkene (name)
Elimination
Halogenoalkane to alkene (2x conditions and reagent)
Hot, ethanolic NaOH
Alkene to alkane (name)
Reduction (hydrogenation)
Alkene to alkane (2x conditions)
H2
Ni catalyst
Alkene to halogenoalkene (name)
Electrophilic addition
Alkene to halogenoalkene (reagents)
HBr or Br2
Alkene to alcohol (name)
Electrophilic addition
Alkene to alcohol direct(condition, reagents and mechanism)
Steam,
Alkyl hydrogensulphate to alcohol (name)
Hydrolysis
Alkyl hydrogensulphate to alcohol (1x condition)
Cold water
Alkene to alkyl hydrogen sulfate (reagent and conditions)
Concentrated sulfuric acid
Alcohol to alkene (name)
Elimination (dehydration)
Alcohol to alkene (1x condition)
Concentrated sulfuric acid
Primary alcohol to aldehyde (name)
Oxidation
Primary alcohol to aldehyde (2x conditions and observation)
Acidified potassium dichromate
Heat under distillation
Turns orange to green
Aldehyde to carboxylic acid (conditions, observation, reagent)
Acidified potassium dichromate
Heat under distillation
Turns orange to green
Oxidation
Primary alcohol to carboxylic acid (name)
Oxidation
Primary alcohol to carboxylic acid (2x conditions)
Acidified potassium dichromate
Heat under reflux
Secondary alcohol to ketone (name)
Oxidation
Secondary alcohol to ketone (2x conditions)
Acidified potassium dichromate
Heat under reflux
Oxidation of tertiary alcohols
You cannot oxidise tertiary alcohols with acidified potassium dichromate