Intro to Organic Flashcards
What’s empirical formula?
The simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound
What’s molecular formula?
The actual whole number ratio of atoms in a compound
What’s general formula? What’s the general formula for alkanes and alkenes?
The formula to show the number of each atoms in a homologous series.
Alkanes CnH2n+2
Alkenes CnH2n
What’s structural formula?
A formula that shows the connectivity in an organic molecule without showing bonds (eg ethane is CH3CH3)
What’s displayed formula?
A formula that shows all the bonds in an organic molecule
What’s skeletal formula?
Shows all the bonds in a compound where all the vertices are carbon with their full compliment of hydrogens (a single line is still a covalent bond).
What’s a homologous series?
A group of compounds with the exact same functional groups and the same general formula.
What are the general rules for naming carbon chains using IUPAC nomenclature?
Homologous series - What do they have in common?
They show a gradual change in physical properties (e.g. boiling point).
Each member differs by CH2 from the last.
same chemical properties.
What’s the infix of a carbon chain with 1 carbon?
Meth
What’s the infix of a carbon chain with 2 carbon?
Eth
What’s the infix of a carbon chain with 3 carbon?
Prop
What’s the infix of a carbon chain with 4 carbon?
But
What’s the infix of a carbon chain with 5 carbon?
Pent
What’s the infix of a carbon chain with 6 carbon?
Hex
What are the basic rules for naming functional groups?
How do you name amines?
How do you name nitriles?
How do you name esters?
How do you name acid anhydrides?
How do you name acyl chlorides?
How do you name amides?
How do you name aromatic compounds?
What are the CIP rules?
The Cahn-Ingold-Prelog priority rules are:
What causes E/Z isomerism?
