Intro to Organic Flashcards

1
Q

What’s empirical formula?

A

The simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound

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2
Q

What’s molecular formula?

A

The actual whole number ratio of atoms in a compound

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3
Q

What’s general formula? What’s the general formula for alkanes and alkenes?

A

The formula to show the number of each atoms in a homologous series.
Alkanes CnH2n+2
Alkenes CnH2n

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4
Q

What’s structural formula?

A

A formula that shows the connectivity in an organic molecule without showing bonds (eg ethane is CH3CH3)

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5
Q

What’s displayed formula?

A

A formula that shows all the bonds in an organic molecule

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6
Q

What’s skeletal formula?

A

Shows all the bonds in a compound where all the vertices are carbon with their full compliment of hydrogens (a single line is still a covalent bond).

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7
Q

What’s a homologous series?

A

A group of compounds with the exact same functional groups and the same general formula.

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8
Q

What are the general rules for naming carbon chains using IUPAC nomenclature?

A
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9
Q

Homologous series - What do they have in common?

A

They show a gradual change in physical properties (e.g. boiling point).
Each member differs by CH2 from the last.
same chemical properties.

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10
Q

What’s the infix of a carbon chain with 1 carbon?

A

Meth

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11
Q

What’s the infix of a carbon chain with 2 carbon?

A

Eth

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12
Q

What’s the infix of a carbon chain with 3 carbon?

A

Prop

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13
Q

What’s the infix of a carbon chain with 4 carbon?

A

But

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14
Q

What’s the infix of a carbon chain with 5 carbon?

A

Pent

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15
Q

What’s the infix of a carbon chain with 6 carbon?

A

Hex

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16
Q

What are the basic rules for naming functional groups?

A
17
Q

How do you name amines?

A
18
Q

How do you name nitriles?

A
19
Q

How do you name esters?

A
20
Q

How do you name acid anhydrides?

A
21
Q

How do you name acyl chlorides?

A
22
Q

How do you name amides?

A
23
Q

How do you name aromatic compounds?

A
24
Q

Define Structural isomerism

A

Compounds have the same molecular formula but a different structure

25
Q

Define functional group isomer

A

Compound with the same molecular formula but a different functional group

26
Q

Define position isomer

A

Compound with the same molecular formula but a different position of the functional group

27
Q

Define chain isomer

A

Compound with the same molecular formula but a different length longest carbon chain

28
Q

Define stereoisomer

A

Compound with the same structural formula but a different arrangement in space

29
Q

Define geometric isomer

A

Compound with the same structural formula but a different arrangement around a non-rotational carbon-carbon double bond

30
Q

Define optical isomer

A

A compound with the same structural formula but a different arrangement around a chiral carbon (or with a different non- superimposable image)

31
Q

What are the CIP rules?

A

The Cahn-Ingold-Prelog priority rules are:

32
Q

What causes E/Z isomerism?

A