organic molecules Flashcards
4 main categories of organic molecules
(catnip)
carbs
nucleic acids
proteins
lipids
carbs used for
(cars need fuel)
fuel + building material
lipids (basic made up of)
(how do celebs like their lips)
fats and oils
proteins
(gym bros do the most)
perform most cell functions
nucleic acids
(nucleus is brain, what do brains do)
information storage
what are carbs made of
(what else makes you fat)
sugar molecules
smallest unit of carbs/sugars
(means one in egyptian)
monosaccharides
monosaccharides definition and examples
hints for each example
-you only live once, may as well sniff…
-take the r out and you swear…
-galaxy…
-sugars that contain just one sugar unit/monomer
glucose
fructose
galactose
how cells use sugar (all uses)
-main fuel for cellular work
-provide raw material to make other molecules e.g fats
-used to make energy storage structures
-serve as building materials
disaccharides definition and examples
(di)
- double sugars
- produced from two monosaccharides
- e.g suctose = glucose + fructose
glucose + glucose
glucose + fructose
glucose + galactose
= maltose + H2O (you mal to have two sugars in tea)
= sucrose + H2O (so close to free toes)
= lactose + H2O (gals lac toes)
polysaccharides
3 common types
hints
START with …
id fly for gin…
i win so…
- starch
*in plant cells - glycogen :
*in animal cells
*glucose storage
*abundant in muscle and liver cells - cellulose:
*used by plant cells for building materials
*makes up cell walls
*humans cant digest
lipids description
(trigglyosaur)
-contains H,C,O
- hydrophobic
- most basic lipid, triglyceride :
3 fatty acids, hydro carbon molecules bonded to a glycerol molecule
functions of lipids
-acts as a boundary - major component of cell membranes
-circulate in the body as chemical signals to cells, some are hormones (fat talks to teenage girls and gives them EDs)
-stores energy
-insulates body
saturated fats
(loyal ones, solid)
-the carbon atoms in fatty acid chains with only single bonds
- incl animal fats
-coconut oil, butter
-solids @ room temp
unsaturated fats
(hoes, always wet)
- at least one double bond between carbon atoms in one of the fatty acid chains
- in fruits, veg, fish, sunflower, canola, and olive oil
-liquids @ room temp
steroids
- the carbon skeleton (not a real skeleton)
- lipids (hydrophobic)
- some act as chemical signals/hormones
(like estrogen or testosterone)
proteins
monomer proteins called?
amino acids bond to form chains called?
amino acid + amino acid = ?
amino acid + amino acid + amino acid = ?
4 - 49 amino acids bonded together called?
50+ bonds called?
amino acids
polypeptide
dipeptide
tripeptide
polypeptide
protein
all amino acids have…
- a central carbon bound to an amino group, a carboxyll group, and an H atom.
the fourth bond is with a unique side bond - the “R” group
differences in side groups convey diff properties to each amino acid
protein shape
functionality proteins consist of …
how does shape affect functioning of proteins
- twisted, coiled and shaped polypeptides
- proteins cannot function if shape is altered
surrounding environment
(of proteins)
usually aqueous, plays role in shape of protein
denaturation?
what causes it?
loss of normal protein shape
changes in extreme temp, PH or other env conditions
enzymes?
proteins that speed up specific reactions in cells
activation energy
minimum energy req. to start chemical reaction
chemical bonds in reactants must be weakened to start most reactions
