cells

Question 1

what is a cell

Answer 1

the smallest unit, capable of performing life functions

Question 2

size and shape of a cell indicate its…

Answer 2

function

Question 3

PROKARYOTIC

Answer 3

cells w/out membrane
e.g bacteria

Question 4

eukaryotic

Answer 4

cells w/ membrane
e.g animal cells

Question 5

function of a cell wall

Answer 5

-protects
-shapes
-made of cellulose
-found in plants, fungi, most bacteria

Question 6

function of cell membrane

Answer 6

• selectively permeable
• protective outer covering around all cells
• if cell has a wall, membrane inside wall

Question 7

cytoplasm function

Answer 7

-gelatinous
- inside membrane
- constantly flows
- aka protoplasm
- has organelles
- where chemical reactions take place

Question 8

cytoskeleton function

Answer 8

• animals have no cell wall so cytoskeleton
• helps maintain shape
• made of protein

Question 9

nucleus function

Answer 9

-directs cell activities
- contains instructions for cells which are found on a material called DNA
- largest organelle

Question 10

nuclear membrane function

Answer 10

• separates nucleus + cytoplasm
• selectively permeable

Question 11

nucleolus function

Answer 11

• brain of nucleus
• in nucleus

Question 12

chromatin network function

Answer 12

• contains genetic code
• made of DNA and proteins
• when a cell divides it becomes chromosomes

Question 13

types of plastids

Answer 13

-chloroplasts
-chromoplasts
-leucoplasts

Question 14

chloroplasts

Answer 14

• green organelles, make food for plants
  -contains chlorophyll - which absorbs sunlight during photosynthesis
  -produces + stores glucose

Question 15

chromoplast

Answer 15

-contains red, orange, yellow pigments (carotenoids)
- colours fruits and flowers

Question 16

leucoplast

Answer 16

• stores starch
• no pigment

Question 17

chlorophyll

Answer 17

• green pigment
• captures sunlight, produces food and glucose from it

Question 18

mitochondria

Answer 18

• release energy from food
• energy released by breaking down food into carbon dioxide in cellular respiration
• powehouse
• found in muscles mostly

Question 19

ribosomes

Answer 19

• make proteins
• float freely of attached to ER
• in nucleolus too

Question 20

endoplastic reticulum (ER)

Answer 20

• series of folded membranes, move materials around in a cell
• smooth ER - ribosomes not attached to ER
• rougher ER - ribosomes attached to ER

Question 21

golgoli bodies

Answer 21

• stacked, flattened membranes
• sort and package proteins

Question 22

vacuoles

Answer 22

• temporary storage spaces
• store food, water, waste
• tonoplast - membrane of a vacuole
  - inside vacuole - cell sap

Question 23

lysosomes

Answer 23

• latin for, “kill body”
• digest things, contains digestive enzymes
• breaks down cells when it does
• breaks down food molecules

Question 24

centriole

Answer 24

• aids in cell division
• usually found in animal cells
• made of microblades

Question 25

differences between plant and animal cells

Answer 25

plants
- have plastids
- cell walls
- large, central vacuole
- may have plasmodesmata
- no centrioles
- no cholesterol in cell membrane
- store excess glucose as starch
- fixed, regular shape

animals dont have
- plastids
- cell wall
- small, temporary vacuoles
- plasmodesmata
- store excess glucose as glycogen

animals do have
- paired centrioles
- cholesterol in cell membrane
- amorphous shape

Question 26

what makes up what (in order)

Answer 26

cells
tissue
organ
system
organism

Question 27

functions of membranes

Answer 27

• protect cell
• selectively permeable (controls in and outgoing substances)
• maintain ion connection

Question 28

blood is a brain barrier, meaning…

Answer 28

it allows some substances into the brain, screens out toxins and bacteria

Question 29

substances allowed to cross brain barrier

Answer 29

water
CO2
glucose
O2
amino acids
alcohol
antihistamines