gr 11 terminology Flashcards
capsid
a protein coat surrounding the nucleic material of a virus (bag holding stationary)
acellular
non-cellular
obligate parasite
obligate = forced; a parasitic organism that cannot
complete its life-cycle without exploiting a suitable host
(if an obligate parasite cannot obtain a host it will fail to
reproduce)
host
an organism that harbours a parasite
pathogenic
an organism that causes disease
bacteriophage
a type of virus that infects bacteria; the word “phage”
means to eat”
nucleoid
an irregularly shaped region within the cell of a prokaryote that contains all or most of the genetic material
prokaryotic
an organism where the nuclear material is not enclosed
in a membrane
eukaryotic
single or multicellular group of organisms
have a membrane-bound nucleus containing genetic material
flagellum
The word “flagellum” means “whip”. The flagella have a whip-like appearance that helps to propel a cell through the liquid.
(tail)
saprophytic
plant or fungal microorganisms that feeds on dead or
decaying issues of other organisms
(heterotrophic)
plasmid
a plasmid is a small, circular, double-stranded DNA
molecule that is distinct from a cell’s chromosomal DNA
phytoplankton
very small plants (algae) that float on or near the surface
of water
zooplankton
consisting of small animals and the immature stages of
larger animals which float on or near the surface of the
water
chitin
Chitin is a large, structural polysaccharide made from chains of modified glucose.
found in the exoskeletons of insects and the cell walls of fungi
hyphae
a network of multi-celled threadlike filaments forming the mycelium of a fungus
make up mycellium
mycelium
a vegetative mass or network of fungal hyphae found in
and on soil or organic substrates
(root-like structure)
shit ton of hyphae
multinucleate
cells that have more than one nucleus per cell, i.e.,
multiple nuclei shared in one common cytoplasm
budding
a form of asexual reproduction which involves the pinching off of offspring from the parent cell; the offspring cell is genetically identical to the parent
Spore
a reproductive cell capable of developing into a new
individual without fusion with another reproductive cell
viruses are the literal definiton of…
made up
work smarter not harder
3 ways nitrogen becomes available to higher plants
nitrogen fixation, nitrification, and denitrification.
3 ways nitrogen becomes available to higher plants
nitrogen fixation, nitrification, and denitrification.
describe the ecological role of algae:
convert water and carbon dioxide to sugar through the process of photosynthesis
