Organic Mechanism's Flashcards
What is the mechanism from alkane to alkene
Conditions
Thermal Cracking - Elimination
High Temp + Pressure
What is the mechanism from alkene to alkane
Conditions
Electrophilic Addition
With H2
Ni catalyst
200 degrees
What is the mechanism from alkane to haloalkane
Conditions
Free Radical Substitution
UV light
What is the mechanism from alkene to haloalkane
Conditions
Electrophilic addition
With HX
What is the mechanism from haloalkane to alkene
Conditions
Elimination
Heat and ethanol NaOH
What is the mechanism from alkene to alcohol
Conditions
Electrophilic addition
Sulfuric acid and steam
What is the mechanism from alcohol to alkene
Elimination - Dehydration
Al2O3 and sulfuric acid
What is the mechanism from haloalkane to alcohol
Conditions
Nucleophilic substitution
NaOH in solution
warm
What is the mechanism from haloalkane to Nitrile
Nucleophilic substitution
Warm ethanoic KCN
What is the mechanism from haloalkane to amine
Nucleophilic substitution
2 NH3
hot and ethanoic
What is the mechanism from alcohol to carboxylic acid
Reflux
Acidified potassium dichromate
Primary alcohol
What is the mechanism from alcohol to aldehyde
Distillation
Primary alcohol
acidified potassium dichromate
What is the mechanism from aldehyde to carboxylic acid
Reflux
Potassium dichromate
What is the mechanism from aldehyde to alcohol
Reduction
NaBH4
What is the mechanism from alcohol to ketone
Oxidation
Acidified potassium dichromate
Secondary alcohol
What is the mechanism from ketone to alcohol
Reduction
NaBH4
What is the mechanism from aldehyde to hydroxy nitrile
Nucleophilic addition
KCN
What is the mechanism from ketone to hydroxy nitrile
Nucleophilic addition
KCN
What is the mechanism for acyl chloride to carboxylic acid
nucleophilic addition elimination
Acylation (hydrolysis)
Water
What is the mechanism for acyl chloride to ester
Nucleophilic addition elimination
Acylation
Alcohol
What is the mechanism for acyl chloride to amide
Nucleophilic addition elimination
Acylation
2 ammonia
What is the mechanism for acyl chloride to N-substituted amide
Nucleophilic addition elimination
Acylation
2 Primary amine
What is the mechanism for benzene to nitrobenzene
Electrophilic substitution
Nitration
Concentrated nitric and sulphuric acid
50 degrees
What is the mechanism for benzene to aromatic ketone
Electrophilic substitution
Friedel Crafts acylation
Acyl chloride/acid anhydride + AlCl3 cataylst
What is the mechanism from alkene to alkyl hydrogensulphate
Electrophilic substitution
Concentrated sulphuric acid
What is the mechanism from alkyl hydrogensulphate to alcohol
Hot water
what is the mechanism from amine to amide
Acyl chloride/acid anhydride
nucleophilic addition - elimination
What is the mechanism from ketone to 2-hydroxynitrile
Nucleophilic addition
HCN
What is the mechanism from alcohol to ester
esterification
Carboxylic acid
Acyl chloride
acid anhydride
What is the mechanism from nitrile to amine
Reduction
H2
Ni
200 degrees
What is the mechanism from benzene to cyclohexene
H2
Ni
Reduction
Whats the mechanism from aromatic ketone to aromatic alcohol
NaBH4
reduction
Whats the mechanism from Nitrobenzene to phenylamine
Sn
HCl then NaOH
Reduction
