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Chemistry A Level > Inorganic Compounds in aqueous solution > Flashcards

Inorganic Compounds in aqueous solution Flashcards

1
Q

What colour is the copper hexaaqua ion

A

Blue

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2
Q

What colour is the Iron ll hexaaqua ion

A

Green

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3
Q

What colour is the Iron lll hexaaqua ion

A

Violet

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4
Q

What colour is the Aluminium hexaaqua ion

A

Colourless

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5
Q

What colour is the cobalt hexaaqua ion

A

Pink
Colour isn’t required

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6
Q

What is the general structure of Aqueous Metal Ions

A

Coordinate bond between metal and OH2
Metal Ion (electron pair acceptor)
Ligand (electron pair donor)
Covalent bond betwwen H and O in OH2

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7
Q

What pH are metal aqua ions

A

Acidic

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8
Q

Why are metal aqua ions acidic

A

The metal ion weakens OH bond and releases H+ ion
Depends on charge and size of ion
Known as hydrolysis

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9
Q

What is the general formula for hydrolysis of metal aqua ions

A

[M(H2O)6]n+ + H2O -> [M(H2O)5OH]n-1 + H3O+

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10
Q

What molecule causes the acidity in metal aqua ions

A

H3O+

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11
Q

Why are M3+ ions more acidic than M2+ ions

A

Equilibrium lies further to the right for M3+ than for M2+

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12
Q

What does acidity depend on

A

Charge on the Ion
Size of the ion

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13
Q

What are the most acidic types of metal ions

A

Small and highly charged metal ions are the most acidic

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14
Q

What happens to the equilibrium when alkali is added to the hydrolysis reaction

A

Equilibrium shifts right to replace the H3O+ ions lost by the reaction with OH-

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15
Q

What happens to the equilibrium when acid is added to the hydrolysis reaction

A

Equilibrium shifts to the left to undo the increase in H3O+ ion concentration

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16
Q

What are the 3 types of reactions that metal-aqua ions undergo

A

Hydrolysis (break an OH bond)
Substitution (break an M-O bond)
Redox (add or remove e-)

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17
Q

What do hydrolysis reactions form

A

Metal hydroxides

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18
Q

What are the 3 reagents to form metal hydroxides via hydrolysis

A

OH-
Dilute NH3
CO3 2-

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19
Q

What does the reaction of OH- with M2+ and M3+ form

A

[M(H2O)4(OH)2]
[M(H2O)3(OH)3] - some may react further (amphoteric hydroxides)

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20
Q

What does the reaction of dilute NH3 with M2+ and M3+ form

A

[M(H2O)4(OH)2]
[M(H2O)3(OH)3]
May get further reaction with excess NH3

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21
Q

What does the reaction of CO3 2- with M2+ and M3+ form

A

MCO3
[M(H2O)3(OH)3] + CO2 + H2O

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22
Q

What are the possible reagents for substitution reactions

A

XS or concentrated NH3
Cl- (concentrated HCl)

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23
Q

What does the reaction with XS NH3 form

A

Amine complexes

24
Q

What does the reaction with Cl- form

A

Chloro complexes

25
Q

What happens during a redox reaction

A

The oxidation state of the metal is changed

26
Q

What is the formula and colour of aqueous copper ion

A

[Cu(H2O)6]2+ = blue solution
Equlibrium in water is:
[Cu(H2O)6]2+ + H2O <> [Cu(H2O)5OH]+
+ H30+

27
Q

What is the reaction of Cu2+ with NaOH dropwise

A

[Cu(H2O)6]2+ + 2OH- <> [Cu(H2O)4(OH)2] + 2H20
Blue solution to Blue precipitate

28
Q

What is the reaction of Cu2+ with NH3 dropwise

A

[Cu(H2O)6]2+ + 2NH3 <> [Cu(H2O)4(OH)2] + 2NH4+
Blue solution to Blue precipitate

29
Q

What is the reaction of Cu2+ with excess NH3

A

[Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+
Very Deep Blue solution

30
Q

What is the reaction of Cu2+ with Na2CO3

A

CuCO3
Green Precipitate

31
Q

What is the reaction of Cu2+ with concentrated HCl

A

[CuCl4]2-
Yellow/Green solution

32
Q

What is the Formula and colour of aqueous Fe2+ ion

A

[Fe(H2O)6]2+ + H2O <> {Fe(H2O)5OH]+ + H3O+
Green Solution

33
Q

What is the reaction of Fe2+ with NaOH dropwise

A

[Fe(H2O)6]2+ + 2OH- <> [Fe(H2O)4(OH)2] + 2H2O
Green solution to green/grey precipitate
Dirty Green

34
Q

What is the reaction Fe2+ with NH3 dropwise

A

[Fe(H2O)6]2+ + 2NH3 <> [Fe(H2O)4(OH)2] + 2NH4+
Green Solution to green/grey Precipitate

35
Q

What is the reaction of Fe2+ with Na2CO3

A

FeCO3
Green precipitate
Maybe slightly grey

36
Q

What is the formula and colour of aqueous Fe3+ ion

A

[Fe(H2O)6]3+ + H2O <> [Fe(H2O)5OH]2+ + H3O+
[Fe(H2O)6]3+ = Pale Violet
{Fe(H2O)5OH]+ = Yellow/Brown

37
Q

What is the reaction of Fe3+ with NaOH dropwise

A

[Fe(H2O)6]3+ + 3OH- <> [Fe(H2O)3(OH)3] + 3H2O
Red/Brown Precipitate

38
Q

What is the reaction of Fe3+ with NH3 dropwise

A

[Fe(H2O)6]3+ + 3NH3 <> [Fe(H2O)3(OH)3] + 3NH4+
Red/Brown Precipitate

39
Q

What is the reaction of Fe3+ with Na2CO3

A

2[Fe(H2O)6]3+ + 3CO3 2- <> 2[Fe(H2O)3(OH)3] + 3CO2 + 3H2O
Red/Brown Precipitate

40
Q

What is the Formula and colour of aqueous Al3+ ion

A

[Al(H2O)6]3+ + H2O <> [Al(H2O)5OH]2+ + H3O+
Colourless Solution

41
Q

What is the reaction of Al3+ with NaOH dropwise

A

[Al(H2O)6]3+ + 3OH- <> [Al(H2O)3(OH)3] + 3H2O
White precipitate

42
Q

What is the reaction of Al3+ with excess NaOH

A

[Al(H2O)6]3+ + 4OH- <> [Al(H2O)2(OH)4]- + 4H2O
Colourless Solution

43
Q

What is the reaction of Al3+ with NH3 dropwise

A

[Al(H2O)6]3+ + 3NH3 <> [Al(H2O)3(OH)3] + 3NH4+
White Precipitate

44
Q

What is the reaction of Al3+ with excess NH3

A

[Al(H2O)3(OH)3]
White precipitate

45
Q

What is the reaction of Al3+ with Na2CO3

A

2[Al(H2O)6]3+ + 3CO3 2- =2[Al(H2O)3(OH)3] + 3CO2 + 3H2O
White Precipitate

46
Q

What is the reaction of Co2+ with concentrated HCl

A

[Co(H2O)6]2+ -> [CoCl4]2-
Pink to Blue

47
Q

What is the reaction of Co2+ with excess NH3

A

[Co(H2O)6]2+ -> [Co(NH3)6]2+
Pink to yellowish brown solution

48
Q

What is the reaction of Co2+ with NaOH

A

[Co(H2O)6]2+ -> [Co(H2O)4(OH)2]
Pink solution to blue/green precipitate that goes pink

49
Q

What is the reaction of Co2+ with NH3 dropwise

A

[Co(H2O)6]2+ -> [Co(H2O)4(OH)2]
Pink solution to blue/green precipitate that goes pink

50
Q

What is the reaction of [Co(H2O)4(OH)2] with excess NH3

A

[Co(NH3)6]2+
Yellowish brown solution

51
Q

What is the reaction of [Co(NH3)6]2+ with air or H2O2

A

[Co(NH3)6]3+
Dark Blue

52
Q

What is the reaction of [Co(H2O)4(OH)2] with air or H2O2

A

[Co(H2O)3(OH)3]
Pinkish/brown precipitate

53
Q

What is the EDTA ion

54
Q

What is the reaction of the Fe3+ ion with concentrated HCl

A

[FeCl4]-
[Fe(H2O)6]3+ + 4Cl- <-> [FeCl4]− + 6H2O

55
Q

How do you convert Fe3+ into Fe2+

A

Zinc in acid

Chemistry A Level (20 decks)

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