organic disorder

Question 1

define organic mental disorders

Answer 1

mental disorders due to common, demonstrable aetiology in cerebral disease, brain injury, or other insult leading to cerebral dysfunction

Question 2

how is mental disorder different from intellectual disability

Answer 2

it is acquired

Question 3

primary organic mental disorders

Answer 3

direct effect on the brain

Question 4

secondary organic mental disorders

Answer 4

systemic disease affects brain in addition to other systems organs

Question 5

common features of organic mental disorders

Answer 5

sensorium: attention, Consciousness

Cognitive: intellect, learning, Memory

Mood: depression, elation, anxiety

psychotic: hallucinations, delusions

Question 6

examples of acute organic mental disorders

Answer 6

delirium

organic mood disorder

organic psychotic disorder

Question 7

examples of chronic organic mental disorders

Answer 7

dementia

amnesic syndrome

organic personality change

Question 8

delirium

Answer 8

acute confusional state

disorientation in time and place

treatment: antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, promethazine

Question 9

presenting features of delirium

Answer 9

impairment of consciousness and attention

cognition disturbance

psychomotor disturbance

sleep wake cycle disturbance

emotional disturbance

Question 10

delirium causes

Answer 10

medications: anticholinergics (TCAs, antihistamines, antipsychotics)

drug abuse: amphetamine and cocaine, hallucinogens, inhaled drugs (glue, nitrous oxide)

withdrawal syndromes: alcohol, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, other sedative hypnotics

metabolic: hepatic encephalopathy; uraemia; hypoglycaemia

vitamin deficiencies: thiamine, vitamin B12

endocrinopathies

infections/toxins

Question 11

delirium tremens

Answer 11

manifestation of alcohol withdrawal

presentation: insomnia, fearfulness, panic, nightmares, psychotic phenomena (hallucinations, delusions)
treatment: benzodiazepines

Question 12

wernicke’s encephalopathy

Answer 12

acute confusional state
- ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, nystagmus

related to acute deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1)

treatment: parenteral thiamine
progression: Korsakoff psychosis

Question 13

korsakoff’s psychosis

Answer 13

impairment of anterograde memory (ability to learn new information)

Question 14

what is korsakoff’s psychosis also known as

Answer 14

alcohol amnesic syndrome

Question 15

hepatic encephalopathy

Answer 15

advanced alcohol liver disease; related to build up of toxic products (e.g. ammonia)

psychomotor retardation, drowsiness

improves as liver function recovers

Question 16

dementia

Answer 16

chronic

global cognitive impairment

types: alzhemier, vascular, lewy body, frontotemporal

Question 17

anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis

Answer 17

autoimmune disease that targets NMDA receptors

half associated with malignancy

treatment: immunotherapy, tumour resection

Question 18

delirium vs dementia

Answer 18

Question 19

delirium vs functional psychosis

Answer 19