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psychiatry > MAIN CONDITIONS/ CASES/ DEFINITIONS > Flashcards

MAIN CONDITIONS/ CASES/ DEFINITIONS Flashcards

1
Q

Akathisia

A

unpleasant sensation of restlessness

can’t stay still

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2
Q

catatonia

A

psychomotor immobility and and behaviour abnormality

(often in stupor)

‘depressive stupor’

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3
Q

nihilistic delusion

A

belief that parts of ones self, ones body, or the real world/ rest of the world has been destroyed

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4
Q

name some types of schizophrenia

A

paranoid schizophrenia

catatonic schizophrenia

residual schizophrenia

undifferentiated schizophrenia

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5
Q

what do ‘typical’ anti psychotic medications do?

A

D2 dopamine receptor antagonists

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6
Q

how do you treat schizophrenia?

A

Anti-psychotics

CBT

family therapy

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7
Q

visual hallucinations and auditory hallucinations are common where?

A

visual hallucinations - organic psychosis

auditory hallucinations - schizophrenia

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8
Q

third person auditory hallucinations

A

patient hears voices talking about themselves

‘he is an evil person’

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9
Q

second person auditory hallucinations

A

addresses patient in second person

‘you are going to die’

‘kill him’

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10
Q

ABCD of first rank symptoms in schizophrenia

A

Auditory hallucinations

broadcasting of thought

controlled thought

delusional perception

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11
Q

nihilistic delusions are more common in severe depression or schizophrenia?

A

severe depression

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12
Q

grandiose delusions are common in what condition?

A

mania

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13
Q

alogia

A

inability to speak

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14
Q

what are some common side effects of anti psychotic medication?

A

Parkinsonism

acute dystonias

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15
Q

two common typical antipsychotics

A

chlorpromazine

haloperidol

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16
Q

three common atypical antipsychotics

A

clozapine

risperidone

olanzapine

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17
Q

an emergency detention can last up to how long?

A

72 hours

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18
Q

what is likely to increase the rate of relapse in schizophrenia?

A

non compliance to treatment

misuse of illicit substances

high expressed emotion at home

major life events

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19
Q

3 main conditions that can be caused to due psychiatric drugs?

A

weight gain and obesity

diabetes

metabolic syndrome

20
Q

in OCD what are overt and convert COMPULSIONS?

A

overt - checking a door is locked

convert - mentally repeating a phrase in their head

21
Q

how do you treat OCD?

A

CBT including exposure and response prevention

SSRIs (fluoxetine, citalopram)

TCA

22
Q

What are the 3 key elements that make up PTSD?

A

hyper-arousal

re-experiencing

avoidance or reminders

23
Q

how do you treat PTSD?

A

trauma focussed CBT

eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing

24
Q

how do you treat most eating disorders?

A

re-feeding

CBT/ IPT

SSRI (fluoxetine)

25
Q

what is cyclothymia?

A

periods of depression and hypomania that are not sufficient enough to be a major depressive or hypomanic episode

26
Q

what are the main 3 symptoms of depression?

A

anhedonia

low mood for most of the day everyday for 2 weeks

less energy/ fatigue

27
Q

screening tool used for depression

A

PHQ9

28
Q

what are some differentials for depression?

A

schizophrenia

bipolar disorder

anorexia nervosa

dysthymia

anxiety

substance misuse

29
Q

Name some types of antidepressants:

A

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

tricyclic antidepressants

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors

Serotonin/ Noradrenaline Reuptake inhibitors

30
Q

what are the 3 main symptoms of depression?

A

anhedonia

loss of energy/ fatigue

low mood everyday most of the day for 2 weeks

31
Q

what are the 7 ‘other’ symptoms of depression?

A

lack of concentration

feeling guilty

sleep disturbance

low self esteem/ confidence

suicidal thoughts

appetite changes

agitation or retardation

32
Q

differential diagnosis for depression:

A

schizophrenia

bipolar disorder

anorexia nervosa

dysthymia

substance misuse

33
Q

how long does post natal depression last?

A

up to 2 weeks

34
Q

Agoraphobia

A

avoiding places or situations that might cause you to panic/ feel anxious/ embarrassed

35
Q

what are some of the features of mania?

A

elevated mood/ increased energy

disinhibition

grandiosity

extravagant spending

36
Q

how do you treat mania?

A

1st - antipsychotics (olanzapine, risperidone)

2nd - mood stabilizers (sodium valproate, carbamezapine)

3rd line - lithium

37
Q

what are some risk factors for bipolar affective disorder?

A

steroids

illicit drugs (amphetamine, cocaine)

antidepressants

infection

stroke

epilepsy

onset of mood disorder before age 20

38
Q

how would you investigate bipolar disorder?

A

PHQ-9 questionnaire

History (2 or more related episodes of depression and mania or hypomania)

39
Q

how do you treat bipolar disorder?

A

mood stabilisers (sodium valproate, carbamazepine)

if compliant with mood stabilisers then add lithium carbonate

antipsychotics (olanzapine)

ECT

40
Q

dependence on alcohol is quantified how?

6

A

3 or more of the following for over a month or repeatedly for 12 months:

craving/ compulsions

difficulty controlling use

primacy (most important thing)

increased tolerance

persistence despite harmful consequences

physiological withdrawal on reduction/ cessation

41
Q

withdrawal state symptoms of alcohol dependence?

A

tremor

weakness

N and V

anxiety

seizures

confusion

agitation

42
Q

two major conditions you can develop from alcohol dependence?

A

wernicke’s encephalopathy

Korsakoff’s psychosis

43
Q

wernicke’s encephalopathy

A

confusion

ataxia

nystagmus

opthalmoplegia

44
Q

Korsakoff’s psychosis

A

impaired recent and remote memory

no general cognitive impairment

impaired learning and disorientation

(a late stage complication of wernicke’s encephalopathy)

45
Q

what causes Korsakoff’s psychosis and wernicke’s encephalopathy?

how can you treat them?

A

thiamine deficiency

give thiamine

46
Q

what do you give to manage withdrawal symptoms of alcohol?

A

benzodiazepines (chlordiazepoxide)

psychiatry (23 decks)

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