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Chemistry Tutor > Organic compounds > Flashcards

Organic compounds Flashcards

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1
Q

carbon compounds are NOT

A

allotropes of carbon (diamond, graphite etc.) because they are carbon element forms

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2
Q

Hydrocarbons

A

Organic compounds consisting of C and H atoms only

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3
Q

Homologous series

A

Series of compounds with similar chemical properties

each member differs from the previous one by a CH2

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4
Q

Alkanes

A

CnH2n+2

saturated hydrocarbon

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5
Q

Saturated hydrocarbons

A

have only single covalent bonds and maximum number of hydrogen atoms around a carbon atom

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6
Q

Alkenes

A

CnH2n
Double bond present between two carbon atoms
unsaturated hydrocarbon

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7
Q

Why alkene an unsaturated hydrocarbon?

A

Double bond between two of the carbon atoms means that they have less hydrogen than the maximum amount possible

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8
Q

Alkyl group

A

H atom is eliminated from an alkane and alkyl group is formed
CnH2n+1
name ends “yl”

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9
Q

Functional group hydroxy

A

Homologous series name: alcohol

Formula: R-O-H

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10
Q

Functional group carboxy

A

Homologous series name: carboxylic acids

Formula: R-COOH

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11
Q

Functional group halides

A

Homologous series name: Alkyl halides/ halo alkanes

Formula: R-X (Cl, Br, I, F)

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12
Q

Functional group amino

A

Homologous series name: amines

Formula: R-NH2

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13
Q

Functional group ester

A

Homologous series name: Esters

Formula: R-COO-R

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14
Q

Hydrocarbon intermolecular forces

A

All hydrocarbons are non polar so intermolecular forces are dispersion only
Higher the Mr of the hydrocarbon, stronger the dispersion forces
More the branches of the isomer, molecules become far apart and dispersion forces become weaker so lower MP and BP (lower viscosity)

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15
Q

Linear isomer intermolecular forces

A

Linear isomers are stacked up closely, therefore stronger dispersion forces

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16
Q

Structural isomers

A

Carbon compounds which have the same molecular formulas but different structural arrangements
similar chemical properties but differ in some physical properties

17
Q

Compounds with smaller molecules

A

more volatile, evaporate easily, low viscosity

18
Q

Functional group

A

Atom or group of atoms that influence the properties of the compounds forming a homologous series

19
Q

Compounds with the same functional group…

A

Behave the same way chemically

20
Q

Alkyl halides/halo alkanes

A

A hydrogen atom in an alkane is replaced with a halogen to form a halo alkane
Polar- intermolecular forces are dipole-dipole and dispersion
have greater physical properties compared to hydrocarbons due to stronger dipole-dipole attractions

21
Q

Alcohols

A

Polar- hydrogen bonds and dispersion forces
forces between molecules in an alcohol are much stronger than an alkane
Electronegativity of nitrogen is less than oxygen therefore amine has weaker H-bonding than alcohol

22
Q

Amines

A

Polar
H-bonding operates in addition to dispersion forces
Boiling temperature of amine increases as the size of the molecule increases (Mr)
Electronegativity of nitrogen is less than oxygen therefore amine has weaker H-bonding than alcohol

23
Q

Carboxylic acid

A 
polar
Hydrogen bonding and dispersion forces
Boiling temp increases as dispersion force strength increases as Mr increases
Esters and carboxylic acids are isomers
always no. 1 branch in naming
24
Q

Esters

A

polar
Dipole-dipole and dispersion
Formed by reacting carboxylic acids and alcohol in presence of sulfuric acid liquid catalyst
although esters are polar, they cannot form H-bonding thus they have lower BP
Esters and carboxylic acids are isomers

25
Q

H-bonds in alcohols and carboxylic acids

A

H-bonds stronger in carboxylic acids than alcohols due to dimerisation
therefore BP of RCOOH are greater

26
Q

Condensation reactions (Esterification)

A

Occur when two functional groups react to form a new functional group, with the loss of a small molecule
catalyst- H2SO4
OH of carboxylic acid and H of alcohol form H2O

27
Q

Complete combustion

A 
excess 02 (g)
Products: CO2(g) and H2O
28
Q

Incomplete combustion

A

limited supply of air (O2)

Products: CO (g) and H2O

29
Q

Balancing combustion reactions

A

start by balancing the C atoms then H atoms and then O atoms

30
Q

Alkane formula

A

CnH2n+2

31
Q

Alkene formula

A

CnH2n

32
Q

Alkyne formula

A

CnH2n-2

33
Q

Halo alkane formula

A

CnH2n+1X

34
Q

Alcohol formula

A

CnH2n+1OH

35
Q

Amine formula

A

CnH2n+1NH2

36
Q

Carboxylic acid formula

A

CnH2n+1COOH

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