Organic Chemistry, Reactions, and Macromolecules

Question 1

Organic Compound

Answer 1

Principle element is always carbon and always contains hydrogen - often contains O, N, S, or P, and sometimes halogens (ex. F or Cl)
- Only covalent compounds–> high combustability and low reactivity

Question 2

Functional Groups

Answer 2

Hydroxyl, Carbonyl, Carboxyl, Amino, Sulfhydryl, Phosphate

Question 3

Macromolecule

Answer 3

Large molecule with complex structure made up of subunits (little pieces) –> aka polymers made up of monomers

Question 4

Macromolecule Subunits

Answer 4

Complex Carbs: simple sugars (glucose)
Lipids: fatty acids & glycerol
Protein: amino acids
Nucleic Acids: nucleotides

Question 5

Anabolic Reactions

Answer 5

Joining of smaller molecules into larger ones

Question 6

Catabolic Reactions

Answer 6

Breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones

Question 7

Neutralization

Answer 7

Acid + base –> salt + water (ex. buffers)

Question 8

Oxidation-Reduction (Redox)

Answer 8

Transfer of electrons
Oxidation: when molecule loses electrons
Reduction: when molecule gains electrons

Question 9

Condensation

Answer 9

Forming of macromolecules from monomers (anabolic):
H atom removed from functional group on one molecule and OH group removed from another molecule, allowing two molecules to bond & forming byproduct of water

Question 10

Hydrolysis

Answer 10

Breakdown of macromolecules into their monomers (catabolic):
H atom from water added to one monomer and OH group added to adjacent monomer, breaking bond between monomers and splitting larger macromolecule