Organic Chemistry Reactions

Question 1

Hydration

Answer 1

(Opposite of dehydration)
alkene to alcohol
Reaction conditions: strong acid is used as a catalyst

Addition

Question 2

Hydrogenation

Answer 2

Alkene to alkane
Reaction conditions: alkane dissolved in non polar solvent with catalyst (pt; pd; Ni)

Addition

Question 3

Hydrohalogenation

Answer 3

Alkene to Haloalkane
Reaction conditions: No water present

Addition

Question 4

Halogenation

Answer 4

Alkene to haloalkane
Reaction conditions: takes place at room temp

Addition

Question 5

Alcohol to haloalkane

Answer 5

Reaction condition: at room temp. Alcohols react at high temp.

Using HBr and HCl

Substitution

Question 6

Hydrolysis

Answer 6

Haloalkane to alcohol
Reaction conditions: a strong dilute base (NaOH) or (KOH) is dissolved in alcohol, mixture is warmed (heat)

Substitution

Question 7

Halogenation of alkanes

Answer 7

Alkane to haloalkane
Reaction conditions: presence of sunlight/ultra light or sufficient heat

Substitution

Question 8

Dehydrohalogenation

Answer 8

Haloalkane to alkene

Reaction conditions: concentrated solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) Or Potassium Hydroxide (KOH)

Elimination reactions

Question 9

cracking

Answer 9

Alkane to alkene

Thermal cracking
high temp and high pressure
no catalyst

Catalytic cracking
low temp and low pressure
catalyst

Elimination

Question 10

Dehydration

Answer 10

alcohol to alkene

reaction conditions: heating of alcohol with excess concentrated sulphuric acid (H2SO4)
or phosphoric acid (H3PO4)

Elimination