Organic Chemistry

Question 1

Organic molecules

Answer 1

Molecules containing carbon atoms

Question 2

Molecular formula

Answer 2

Chemical formula that indicates the type of atoms and the correct number of each in a molecule.

Question 3

Structural formula

Answer 3

Shows which atoms are attached to which within the molecule. atoms are represented by their chemical symbols and lines are used to represent all the bonds that hold the atoms together.

Question 4

Condensed structural formula

Answer 4

A notation that shows the way atoms are bonded together in a molecule but does not show all the bond lines.

Question 5

Hydrocarbons

Answer 5

Organic compounds that consist of hydrogen and carbon only.

Question 6

Homologous series

Answer 6

Organic compounds that can be described by the same general formula or in which one member differs from the next with a CH2 group.

Question 7

Saturated compounds

Answer 7

Compounds in which there are no multiple bonds between C atoms in their hydrocarbon chains. example alkanes

Question 8

Unsaturated compounds

Answer 8

Compounds with one or more multiple bonds between C atoms in their hydrocarbon chains. example alkanes

Question 9

Functional group

Answer 9

Is a bond or an atom or a group of atoms that determines the physical and chemical properties of a group of organic compounds

Question 10

Structural isomers

Answer 10

Organic molecules with the same molecular formula, but different structural formulae

Question 11

Chain isomers

Answer 11

Organic molecules with the same molecular formula, but different types of chains

Question 12

Positional isomers

Answer 12

Organic molecules with the same molecular formula, but different positions of the side chain, substituents or functional groups on the parent chain.

Question 13

Functional isomers

Answer 13

Organic molecules with the same molecular formula, but different functional groups

Question 14

Catenation

Answer 14

The ability of carbon to make bonds with itself.

Question 15

Hydrocarbons

Answer 15

Organic compounds that consist of hydrogen and carbon only.

Question 16

What makes carbon special?

Answer 16

Carbon has 4 valence electrons and has a valency of 4
Meaning that it can form 4 covalent bonds
C-atoms can combine directly with one another, forming long chains
Carbon can form single, double and triple covalent bonds with itself.

Question 17

Boiling point

Answer 17

The temperature at which the vapour pressure of a substance equals atmospheric pressure.

Question 18

Melting point

Answer 18

The temperature at which the solid and liquid phases of a substance are at equilibrium.

Question 19

vapour pressure

Answer 19

The pressure exerted by a vapour at equilibrium with its liquid in a closed system.