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physical science grade 12 > DEFINITIONS TEST > Flashcards

DEFINITIONS TEST Flashcards

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1
Q

Doppler Effect

A

the change in frequency (or pitch) of the sound detected by a listener, because the sound source and the listener have different velocities relative to the medium of sound propagation.

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2
Q

Projectile

A

an object which has been given an initial

velocity and then it moves under the influence of the gravitational force only.

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3
Q

Free fall

A

motion during which the only force acting on an object is the gravitational force.

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4
Q

Weight

A

Gravitational force the earth exerts on any object on or near its surface.

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5
Q

Arrhenius theory

A

Acids produce hydrogen ions (H+/H3O+/hydronium ions) in aqueous solution. Bases produce hydroxide ions (OH-) in aqueous solution.

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6
Q

Lowry-Bronsted

A

An acid is a proton (H+ion) donor. A base is a proton (H+ion) acceptor.

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7
Q

Strong acids

A

Strong acids ionise completely in water to form a high concentration of H3O+ions.

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8
Q

Weak acids

A

Weak acids ionise incompletely in water to form a low concentration of H3O+ions.

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9
Q

Strong Bases

A

Strong bases dissociate completely in water to form a high concentration of OH ions.

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10
Q

Weak Bases

A

Weak bases dissociate/ionise incompletely in water to form a low concentration of OH ions.

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11
Q

Concentrated Acids

A

Concentrated acids contain a large amount (number of moles) of acid in proportion to the volume of water.

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12
Q

Concentrated Bases

A

Concentrated acids/bases contain a large amount (number of moles) of base in proportion to the volume of water.

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13
Q

Dilute Acids

A

Dilute acids/bases contain a small amount (number of moles) of acid in proportion to the volume of water.

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14
Q

Dilute Bases

A

Dilute acids/bases contain a small amount (number of moles) of base in proportion to the volume of water.

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15
Q

Amphiprotic or Ampholyte

A

A substance that can act as either acid or base

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16
Q

Hydrolysis

A

The reaction of a salt with water

17
Q

Equivalence point of a titration

A

The point at which the acid/base has completely reacted with the base/acid.

18
Q

Endpoint of a titration

A

The point where the indicator changes colour.

19
Q

PH scale

A

a scale of numbers from 0 to 14 used to express the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.

20
Q

Kw

A

the equilibrium constant for the ionisation of water or the ion product of water or the ionisation constant of water, i.e. Kw = [H3O+][OH-] = 1 x 1014 by 298 K

21
Q

Auto-ionisation of Water

A

the reaction of water with itself to form H3O+ions and OH ions.

physical science grade 12 (13 decks)

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