Organic Chemistry Chapter 6: Aldehydes and Ketones 1

Question 1

Prefix and suffix for aldehydes

Answer 1

• al and oxo-

Question 2

Prefix and suffix for ketones

Answer 2

• one and oxo-/keto-

Question 3

How is the reactivity of a carbonyl defined?

Answer 3

polarity of the double bond

Question 4

What happens in a nucleophillic attack on carbonyl?

Answer 4

electrons in pi bond are moved to oxygen

Question 5

Nucleophillic attack and no good leaving group?

Answer 5

remains open and it protonated to form an alcohol

Question 6

Nucleophillic attack and good leaving group?

Answer 6

carbonyl will reform & kick off the leaving group

Question 7

What happens in hydration?

Answer 7

water adds to carbonyl, forming a geminal diol

Question 8

Alcohol + aldehyde

Answer 8

hemiacetal – again = ketal

Question 9

Alcohol + ketone

Answer 9

hemiketal – again = ketal

Question 10

Nitrogen/nitrogen derivatives + carbonyls

Answer 10

imines, oximes, hyrdrazones and semicarbazones

Question 11

What can oxidize aldehydes to carboxylic acids?

Answer 11

KMnO4, CrO3, Ag2O or H2O2

Question 12

What can reduce ketones and aldehydes to alcohols?

Answer 12

LiAlH4 and NaBH4