General Chemistry Chapter 8: The Gas Phase

Question 1

Are gases fluids?

Answer 1

yes; they conform to the shape of their containers

Question 2

Gases are compressible or nah?

Answer 2

yes – hella

Question 3

What are the variables of gas systems?

Answer 3

temperature, pressure, volume, and number of moles

Question 4

1 atm = ? mmHg = ? torr = ? kPa

Answer 4

1 atm = 760 mmHg = 760 torr = 101.325 kPa

Question 5

What does a simple mercury barometer measure?

Answer 5

incident pressure

Question 6

standard temp and pressure

Answer 6

273 K and 1 atm

Question 7

What do equations for ideal gases assume?

Answer 7

negligible mass and volume of gas molecules

Question 8

ideal gas law

Answer 8

describes the relationship between the four variables of the gas state for an ideal gas

Question 9

Avogadro’s principle

Answer 9

a special case of the ideal gas law for which the pressure and temperature are held constant; it shows a direct relationship between the number of moles of gas and volume.

Question 10

Boyle’s law

Answer 10

temperature and number of moles are held constant

Question 11

Charles’s law

Answer 11

pressure and number of moles are held constant

Question 12

Gay-lussac’s law

Answer 12

volume and number of moles are kept constant

Question 13

Dalton’s law of partial pressure

Answer 13

states that individual gas components of a mixture of gases will exert individual pressures in proportion to their mole fractions

Question 14

Henry’s law

Answer 14

the amount of gas dissolved in solution is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas at the surface of a solution.

Question 15

Kinetic molecular theory

Answer 15

attempts to explain the behavior or gas particles.

Question 16

Assumptions of the kinetic molecular theory

Answer 16

• negligible volume
• no intermolecular attractions or repulsions
• undergo random collisions with each other and the walls of the container
• collisions between gas particles and with the wall of the container are elastic.
• average kinetic energy of gas particles is directly proportional to temperature

Question 17

Graham’s law

Answer 17

describes the behavior of gas diffusion or effusion, stating that gases with lower molar masses will diffuse or effuse faster than gases with higher molar masses at the same temperature.

Question 18

Diffusion

Answer 18

spreading out of particles from high to low concentration.

Question 19

Effusion

Answer 19

movement of fas from one compartment to another through a small opening under pressure

Question 20

Real gases

Answer 20

deviate from ideal behavior

Question 21

moderately high pressures, low volumes or low temperatures… real gases:

Answer 21

occupy less volume than predicted because they have intermolecular attractions

Question 22

extremely high pressures, low volumes or low pressure… real gases:

Answer 22

more volume than predicted because they occupy physical space.

Question 23

Van der Waals equation of state

Answer 23

used to correct the ideal gas law for intermolecular attractions (a) and molecular volume (b)