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MCAT Gen Chem and O Chem > General Chemistry Chapter 1: Atomic Structure > Flashcards

General Chemistry Chapter 1: Atomic Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

What charge does the proton have?

A

= to the fundamental unit of charge (e = 1.6 x 10^-19)

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2
Q

What is the atomic number determined by?

A

The number of protons found in an atom.

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3
Q

What is the difference between atomic number and mass number?

A

Atomic number = number of protons

Mass number = protons + nuetrons

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4
Q

What are protium, deuterium and tritium?

A

Isotopes of hydrogen -
Protium = 1 proton
Deuterium = 1 proton + 1 neutron
Tritium = 1 proton + 2 neutrons

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5
Q

What electrons are at the highest energy level?

A 
Highest = furthest away from the nucleus
Lowest = closest to the nucleus
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6
Q

Cation vs. Anion

A 
Cation = positively charged atom 
Anion = negatively charged atom
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7
Q

What is the difference between atomic weight and atomic mass?

A

Atomic weight = Number reported on the periodic table and is the average of naturally occurring isotopes
Atomic mass = protons + neutrons

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8
Q

How does half-life of an isotope relate to abundance?

A

Generally, longer half-life = more stable, more abundant

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9
Q

What is avagadro’s number?

A

6.02 x 10^23 things (ions, atoms, molecules)

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10
Q

Mass is typically written in grams per mole, is the ratio moles to gram also acceptable?

A

Yes

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11
Q

Who discovered that an atom has a dense, positively charged nucleus?

A

Ernest Rutherford

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12
Q

Who developed the first quantum theory?

A

Planck - said that energy emitted as electromagnetic radiation comes in discrete bundles called quanta

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13
Q

Planck relation

A 
E = hf 
E = energy
h = planck's constant (6.626 x 10^-34 Js)
f = frequency of radiation
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14
Q

What is the speed of light?

A

c= 3 x 10^8 m/s

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15
Q

What is the equation for a speed of a wave?

A

v=f(lambda)

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16
Q

What is the equation that Bohr used to predict the possible values for angular momentum?

A

L=nh/2(pi)
n=principle quantum number
h=Planck’s constant

17
Q

What is the equation that Bohr used for the energy of the electron?

A 
E = -R/n^2
R = experimentally determined rydberg unit of energy = 2.18 x 10^-18 J/electron 
n = quantum number
18
Q

What is the ground state?

A

State of lowest energy

19
Q

What is an atom’s excited state?

A

When at least one electron has moved to a subshell of higher than normal energy.

20
Q

As electrons move from a lower energy to a higher energy, they get AHED:

A

Absorb light
Higher potential
Excited
Distant

21
Q

When do protons absorb light versus emit?

A

When going from ground to excited, absorb light.

When going from excited to ground, emit light in the form of photons.

22
Q

What is the electromagnetic energy equation for photons?

A

E = hc/lambda
h=Planck’s constant
c=speed of light in a vacuum
lambda = wavelength of light

23
Q

What is the atomic emission spectrum?

A

Elements unique finger print of line spectrums which correspond to a specific electron transition.

24
Q

What is the quantum mechanical model?

A

electrons do not travel in defined orbits but rather are localized in orbitals

25
Q

What is an orbital?

A

An orbital is a region of space around the nucleus defined by the probability of finding an electron in that region of space.

26
Q

What is the Heisenberg uncertainty principle?

A

it is impossible to know both an electron’s position and its momentum exactly at the same time

27
Q

What are the 4 quantum numbers?

A

n, l, ml and ms

They describe any electron in an atom

28
Q

What is the principle quantum number?

A

n = describes the average energy of a shell (1, 2, 3, etc)

29
Q

What is the auzimuthal quantum number?

A

l = describes the subshells within a given principle energy level (ranges from 0 to n-1)

30
Q

What is the magnetic quantum number?

A

ml specifies the particlar orbital within a subshell where an electron is likely to be found at a given moment in time. (can be integers from +L to -L)

31
Q

What is the spin quantum number?

A

ms indicates the spin orientation (either +1/2 or -1/2)

32
Q

What is Hund’s rule?

A

subshells with multiple orbitals fill electrons so that every orbital in a subsell gets one electron before any of them gets a second.

33
Q

What is paramagnetic?

A

have unpaired electrons that align with magnetic fields, attracting the material to the magnet

34
Q

What is diamagnetic?

A

materials have all paired electrons, which cannot easily be realigned, they are repelled by magnets

35
Q

What is the n + l rule?

A

The n + l rule says that the lower the sum, the lower the energy of the subshell

MCAT Gen Chem and O Chem (24 decks)

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