Organic Chemistry Chapter 5: Alcohols Flashcards
What is the general form for alcohols?
ROH
What is the suffix/prefix for alcohols?
suffix = -OH prefix = hydroxy-
What are phenols?
benzene rings with hydroxyl groups. They are named for the relative positions of the hydrxyl groups
What is a ortho-, meta- and para-?
Ortho = adjacent Meta = separated by one carbon Para = on opposite side of ring
What properties do Alcohols have?
can hydrogen bond, raising their boiling and melting points, also increases their solubility
Why are phenols more acidic than other alcohols?
The aromatic ring can delocalize the charge of the conjugate base.
What do electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups groups do to acidity?
D - decrease W - increase
How can primary alcohols be oxidized to aldehydes? carboxylic acid?
PCC (aldehy) Stronger (carb)
How can secondary alcohols be oxidized to ketones?
Any common oxidizing agent
What are the two groups that alcohols can be converted to to make them a better leaving group?
Mesylates and tosylates
What is a mesylate?
Contains - SO3CH3 Comes from Methnanesulfonic acid
What is a tosylate?
Contain -SO3C6H4CH3
Acetal
Ketal
How can aldehydes and ketones be protected during reactions? How do they get converted back?
They are converted to acetals and ketals by reacting with two equivalents of alcohol or dialcohol. They are converted bay by catalytic acid which is called deprotection.
What are quiones?
Resonance stabilized electrophiles synthesized through oxidation of phenols.
