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Physical and Chemical Principles > Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

A branch of chemistry that deals with the compounds of carbon

A

Organic chemistry

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2
Q

This theory states that organic compounds originated from living materials, either plants or animals. Such material possess vital force and compounds that are extremely difficult to synthesize in the laboratory

A

Vital force theory

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3
Q

He synthesized urea in the laboratory from the inorganic compound —

A

Friedrich Wohler

Ammonium cyanate

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4
Q

This states that atoms in an organic compound have fixed number of bonds. This combining ability is termed as

A

Structural Theory

valence

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5
Q

This states that carbon can form bonds with another carbon atom accounting for a high percentage of carbon in most organic compounds. This ability of carbon is called

A

Structural theory

Catenation

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6
Q

This states that atoms are being held by electrical attraction between species of opposite charge.

A

Dualism (Berzelius)

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7
Q

Atoms form bonds to completely fill their valence shells.

A

Dualism (Berzelius)

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8
Q

A way atoms bond by gaining or losing electrons

A

Ionic bond

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9
Q

A way atoms bond by sharing electrons with another atom

A

Covalent bond

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10
Q

This bond is formed because atoms high high ionization energy tend to lose easily while atoms with low electron affinity tend to gain electrons easily

A

Ionic bond

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11
Q

This bond is formed because atoms forming covalent bonds share electrons acquire the configuration of the noble gas (octet rule).

A

Covalent Bond

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12
Q

A molecule or an ion represented in two or more Lewis structures that differ only in the positions of electrons exhibit the property of resonance. These structures are called

A

Resonance Theory

Resonating structures or resonating contributors

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13
Q

Compounds containing can carbon and hydrogen

A

Hydrocarbons

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14
Q

Compounds whose carbon atoms are arrange in chains whether Straight or branched

A

Alipathic hydrocarbons

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15
Q

These are aliphatic hydrocarbons that contain single bonds

A

Alkanes

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16
Q

These are aliphatic hydrocarbons that contain double bonds

A

Alkenes

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17
Q

These are aliphatic hydrocarbons that contain triple bonds

A

Aligned

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18
Q

These are aliphatic hydrocarbons that contain two double bonds

A

Alkadienes

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19
Q

These are hydrocarbons containing carbon atoms in a ring system

A

Alicyclics hydrocarbons

20
Q

These are alicyclics hydrocarbons which are aliens arranged in the form of a closed chain

A

Cycloalkanes

21
Q

These are alicyclic hydrocarbons which are no conjugated Alkenes in a ring system

A

Cycloalkenes

22
Q

These are compounds containing carbon atoms with conjugated double bonds in a ring system

A

Aromatic hydrocarbons

23
Q

A hydrocarbon derivative which have one or more hydrogen atom replaced by -OH group

A

Alcohols and phenols

24
Q

A hydrocarbon derivative with two hydrocarbon group attached to oxygen

A

Ethers

25
Q

Cyclic ethers in which the oxygen is included in a three-membered ring

A

Epoxies

26
Q

Hydrocarbons with one or two alkyl groups attached to C=O

A

Aldehydes and ketones

27
Q

Hydrocarbons with the carboxyl group

A

Carboxylic acid

28
Q

Carboxyl is acid derivative with the hydrogen atom replaced by an alkyl group

A

Esters

29
Q

Carboxyl if acid derivatives with the hydrogen atom replaced by RC=O

A

Acid anhydride

30
Q

Hydrocarbons with the hydrogen atom replaced by one or more halogens

A

Alkyl halides and aryl halides

31
Q

Hydrocarbon derivatives with hydrogen atom replaced with -SH

A

Thiols

32
Q

Hydrocarbon derivatives with general formula RSSR

A

Disulfide

33
Q

Carboxylate acid derivatives with hydrogen atom replaced with NH2, -NHR’, -NR’R”

A

Amides

34
Q

Organic derivative of NH3

A

Amines

35
Q

Allan’s can also be called

A

Paraffins

36
Q

Alkanes are source of — — carbons

A

Sp3 hybridized

37
Q

These are organic compounds obtained from the fractional distillation of petroleum

A

Alkanes

38
Q

Alkanes are insoluble in water due to these two reasons

A

Non-polar character

Inability to form hydrogen bonds

39
Q

Alkenes are also called

A

Olefins

40
Q

Alkenes are a source of — — Carbon

A

Sp2 hybridized

41
Q

This rule says that the alkene formed is the one that is more alkyl substituted

A

Saitsev’s Rule

42
Q

Alkenes can be prepared by

A

Dehydration of alcohol

Dehydrogenation of alkyl halides

43
Q

Three preparation of Alayna’s

A

Rxn sodium acetylene with alkyl halides
Dehydrohalogenation of vicinal di halides
Dehalogentation of tetra halides

44
Q

These are obtained from a catalytic dehydrogenation of cyclohexane and from coal Tara

A

Benzene

45
Q

These contain the hydroxyl group

A

Alcohols

46
Q

-OR Group can also be called

A

Alkoxy group

47
Q

The halogen attaches to the carbon that is more alkyl substituted thus producing a higher order alkyl halide

A

Markovnikoff’s Rule

Physical and Chemical Principles (6 decks)

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