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Analytical Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

A branch of chemistry that deals with the separation, identification and composition of matter

A

Analytical chemistry

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2
Q

Type of analysis that reveals the components of the sample

A

Qualitative analysis

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3
Q

Type of analysis that determines the amount of components present in a sample

A

Quantitative analysis

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4
Q

Two types of classical methods of analysis

A

Gravimetric Method

Volumetric Method

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5
Q

It deals with the measurement of the mass of a substance that is chemically related to the analyze

A

Gravimetric method of analysis

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6
Q

It measures the volume of solution necessary to react completely with the analyze

A

Volumetric method of analysis

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7
Q

Two types of modern method of analysis

A

Spectroscopic Method

Electroanalytic Method

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8
Q

It measures the electromagnetic radiation produced by the analyze or its interactions with it

A

Spectroscopic Method

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9
Q

It measures the electrical properties of the analyte such as current, potential, resistance and amount of charge

A

Electroanalytic Method

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10
Q

This factor is used to calculate the percentage of analyte in sample

A

Gravimetric Factor

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11
Q

A solution of known concentration is called

A

Standard solution

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12
Q

A process of determining the concentration of an unknown solution

A

Standardization

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13
Q

A substance of high purity used for standardization

A

Primary standard

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14
Q

Characteristics of a good primary standard

A

High purity
High equivalent weight
Stable - high temperature and humidity
Soluble in water

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15
Q

Types of titration

A

Direct
Back
Replacement

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16
Q

A type of titration where analyte reacts with the standard solution direct

A

Direct titration

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17
Q

A type of titration where an excess standard solution is added and the excess is determined by the addition of another standard solution

A

Back titration

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18
Q

A type of titration where the analyte is converted to sprout chemically related to it and the product of such is titration with a standard solution

A

Replacement titration

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19
Q

An acid is a proton donor according to

A

Bronsted-Lowry Theory

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20
Q

An acid in an electron-pair acceptor according to

A

Lewis

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21
Q

An acid produces hydronium ion in solution according to

A

Arrhenius

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22
Q

A base is an electron pair donor according to

A

Lewis

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23
Q

A base produces hydroxide ion according to

A

Arrhenius

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24
Q

An base is an proton acceptor according to

A

Bronsted-Lowry

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25
Hydronium ion is also called
Protonated water | Solvated proton
26
This reaction involves formation of ions
Ionization reaction
27
This type of acids or bases completely ionize in solution
Strong acids and strong bases
28
This type of acids and bases partially ionize in solution
Weak acids and bases
29
These are strong acids (only on the first ionization) - 6
``` Hydrochloric Hydrobromic Hydroiodic Perchloric Nitric Sulfuric ```
30
Common examples of strong bases
Bases of 1A and 2A
31
Common examples of weak acids -5
``` Hydrofluoric Hydrocyanic Sulfurous Phosphoric Organic acids ```
32
A common example of a weak base
Ammonia and its derivatives
33
A general rule suggest that salts coming a --- acids or bases hydrolysis in water, only the conjugate hydrolyzes in water
Weak
34
It is formed from the reaction of a strong acid and weak base
Acidic salt
35
It is formed from the reaction of a strong base and weak acid
Basic salt
36
It is a product of the reaction between a strong acid and a strong base
Neutral salt
37
These are solutions that contain weak acid or weak base and its conjugate salt. These tend to edit the changes in pH
Buffer solutions
38
5 primary standards for bases
``` Benzoic acid Oxalis acid Potassium biiodate Potassium hydrogen phthalate Sulfamic acid ```
39
Chemical formula for benzoic acid
C6H5COOH
40
Chemical formulas for oxalis acid
H2C2O4.2H2O
41
Chemical formula for potassium biiodate
KH(IO3)2
42
Chemical Formula for KHP
KC8H5O4
43
Chemical formula for sulfamic acid
HSO3NH2
44
Primary standard for acids
Calcium carbonate Mercuric oxide Sodium carbonate Tris-hydroxymethylaminomethane
45
The presence of hydroxide, carbonate and bicarbonate in water is also referred to as
Alkalinity
46
It is the measure of acid-neutralizing capacity of water
Alkalinity
47
This analytical technique I'd one of the oldest. It started in the mid-1800's
Precipitation titration
48
In the precipitation titration, --- is commonly employed
Silver nitrate
49
The term called for the titration with AgNO3
Argentometric titration
50
Indicators in Precipitimetry are the formation of (3)
Colored secondary precipitate Colored complexion Colored adsorption complex
51
The formation of a colored secondary precipitate is seen in this method of Precipitimetry
Mohr Method
52
This is a direct method for halides and cyanides
Mohr Method
53
The indicator used in Mohr Method is
Sodium chromate
54
The formation of a colored complexion is seen in this method
Volhard Method
55
This is a direct method for silver and an indirect method for halides
Volhard Method
56
The indicator used in Volhard Method is
Ferric alum
57
The formation of a colored adsorption complex is seen in what method
Fajans Method
58
This indicator is used in Fajans Method, which is also best for the determination of halides and cyanides
Dichlorofluorescin
59
A titration method carries spout in an acidic condition
Volhard Method
60
A titration carried out between pH 7-10
Mohr Method
61
A titration carried out between pH 4-7
Fajans Method
62
This type of titration is used for the determination of cation
Complex formation titration
63
This is a method of determination of cyanide which is carried by the drop wise addition of silver nitrate solution of a cyanide forming a soluble cyanide complex of silver
Liebig Method
64
The determination of nickel is by treating an --- with a measured excess standard cyanide solution and the excess is determined by a standard silver nitrate solution
Ammoniacal solution of nickel
65
EDTA stands for
Ethyldiaminetetraacetic acid
66
The structure of EDTA suggests 6 potential sites for metal bonding: 4 carbonyl groups and 2 amino acid groups. Therefore edta is
Hexadentate
67
The indicator used for titration with EDTA is
Eriochrome black T
68
This reaction involves the transfer of electrons from one reactant to another
Redox
69
It involves an increase in the oxidation state of an element
Oxidation reaction
70
It involves a decrease in the oxidation state
Reduction reaction
71
These type of cells have two electrodes which are immersed in an electrolyte solution
Electrochemical cells
72
This is used to prevent the two solutions from mixing
Salt bridges
73
The electrode where reduction occurs is
Cathode
74
An electrode where oxidation occurs is
Anode
75
An electrochemical cell that stores electrical energy
Galvanic cell
76
galvanic cell is also called
Voltaic cell
77
In this type of cell, the reaction at the anode and the cathode occurs spontaneously and allows flow of electrons from the anode to the cathode with the aid of an external conductor
Galvanic cell
78
It is the potential of a cell with the hydrogen electrode as the anod
Electrode potential
79
It is assigned a value of 0.000V at all temperatures
Standard hydrogen electrode
80
It is the electrode potential when the activities of all reactants and products are unity
Standard electrode potential of a half reaction
81
A positive value of the standard reduction potential implies that it was used as a cathode with the
She as anode
82
High positive value of a reduction potential also indicate that the electrode in a good
Oxidizing agent
83
Redox titration 3
Permanganate Process Dichromate Process Iodometric Titration
84
A type of agent that contains two or more groups capable of competing with a metal ion
Chelating agent
85
The endpoint for this titration method is the formation of a permanent faint turbidity
Liebig Method
86
Silver to cyanide ratio for Liebig Method
2:1
87
Analytical methods classified as micro analyses use sample mass ranging from
1-10 mg
88
Chemicals which are tested by the manufacturers showing the actual percentages of impurities and labeled on the containers are
Reagent grade chemicals
89
Other terms for reagent grade chemicals are
Analytical reagent | Certified reagent
90
This can't be done with platinum crucibles since it would cause a significant loss of analyte
Heating with sulfide a
91
This grade of water is defined to be suitable for the determination of trace quantities which can be prepared by the distillation of deionized water
Grade 2
92
The grade 2 water for the determination of trace quantities is defined by the
British standard 3978
93
It is expressed as the volume of a solution chemically equivalent to a mass of a solid reagent
Tiger
94
A process by which an agglomerate colloid return to its dispersed state during washing due to leaching of electrolyte responsible for its coagulation
Peptization
95
The best indicator for the titration of a weak acid and a strong base
Phenolphthalein
96
Why is it necessary to carry out titration in acidic solution in the Volhard Method
To prevent precipitation of iron as hydrated oxide
97
This step is necessary before titration when an analyte in a sample is present in two different oxidation states
Prereduction
98
This is the term used for the metallic reductions which is soaked in a dilute solution of mercuric chloride
Lindlars catalyst

Physical and Chemical Principles (6 decks)

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