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Physical and Chemical Principles > Biochemical Engineering > Flashcards

Biochemical Engineering Flashcards

1
Q

Deals with the conduct of biological processes on an industrial scale

A

Biochemical engineering

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2
Q

Deals with the process s where the catalyst are either living cells or extracts from them

A

Biochemical engineering

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3
Q

Engineering that involves with the biosynthesis of animal or plant products

A

Bioengineering

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4
Q

Application of engineering knowledge to the field of medicine and biology

A

Bioengineering

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5
Q

Classification of organisms according to structure

A

Prokaryotes

Eukaryotes

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6
Q

Cells without nuclear envelopes

A

Prokaryotes

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7
Q

Cells with nuclear envelopes

A

Eukaryotes

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8
Q

Classifications of organisms according to Carbon source

A

Autotrophs

Heterotrophs

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9
Q

Uses Carbon dioxide as their Carbon source

A

Autotrophs

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10
Q

Uses fancier carbon compounds such as glucose, ethanol and sucrose as Carbon source

A

Heterotrophs

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11
Q

Classifications of organism according to their energy source

A

Chemotrophs

Phototrophs

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12
Q

Two types of chemotrophs

A

Chemoorganotrophs

Chemolitotrophs

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13
Q

Obtain energy from light

A

Phototrophs

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14
Q

Two types of phototrophs

A

Photoorganotrophs

Photo autotrophs

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15
Q

Uses light as energy source and organic substances as Carbon source

A

Photoorganotrophs

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16
Q

Uses light as energy source and Carbon dioxide as principal Carbon source

A

Photo autotrophs

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17
Q

Classification of organisms according to final electron acceptor

A

Aerobes
Anaerobes
Facultative anaerobes
Microaerophiles

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18
Q

Organisms that use molecular oxygen as final oxidizing agent

A

Aerobes

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19
Q

Organisms that do not need oxygen but instead use nitrates, sulfides, Carbon dioxide as their oxidizing agent

A

Anaerobes

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20
Q

Organisms that are able to grow in the presence or absence of molecular oxygen

A

Facultative anaerobes

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21
Q

Micro organisms that need only a little amount of oxygen that is lower than atmospheric concentration

A

Microaerophiles

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22
Q

The Greek word for fat

A

Lips

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23
Q

Water insoluble bio molecules highly soluble in organic solvents such as chloroform and ether

A

Lipids

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24
Q

Uses as fuel molecules, energy storage and component of membranes

A

Lipids

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25
Q

Stored triacylglycerols or glycerine so and unused for energy source

A

Fatty acids

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26
Q

Found in cytoplasm of adipose cells

A

Fatty acids

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27
Q

Triacylglycerols are oils of plants and fats of animals

A

Fatty acids

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28
Q

Triacylglycerols that are liquid in room temperature

A

Oils

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29
Q

Triacylglycerols that are solid at room temperature are generally called

A

Fats

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30
Q

The first double bond of fatty acids occurs between carbons

A

9 & 10

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31
Q

Common saturated fatty acids

LaMPS

A

Lauric acid
Myristic acid
Palmitic acid
Stearic acid

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32
Q

Dodecaphonic acid is called

A

Lauric acid

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33
Q

Tetrode canonic acid is called

A

Myristic acid

34
Q

Hexadecanoic acid

A

Palmitate acid

35
Q

Octadecanoic acid

A

Stearic acid

36
Q

Common unsaturated fatty acids

A

Palmitoleic acid
Oldie acid
Linoleic acid

37
Q

These are important constituents of essential oils which are produced by a variety of plants, particularly conifers

A

Terpenes and terpenoids

38
Q

Mono terpenes contain — Carbon

A

10

39
Q

Sesquiterpenes contain — Carbon

A

15

40
Q

Terpene isolated from bay oil

A

Myrcene

41
Q

Terpenes from natural coating of apples

A

Alpha farnesene

42
Q

Source of two molecules of vitamin A

A

Beta carotene

43
Q

Derivatives perhydrocyclopentanophenanthere ring system

A

Steroids

44
Q

Important biological regulators that shows dramatic physiological effects when administered to living organisms

A

Steroids

45
Q

Important steroids

A 
Sex hormones
Adrenocortical hormones
D vitamins
Bile acids
Cardiac poison
46
Q

The most widely occurring steroids extracted from animal tissues which were first isolated in 1770

A

Cholesterol

47
Q

They outlined the structure of cholesterol

A

Windaus and wieland

48
Q

Intermediate in the synthesis of all the steroids in the body

A

Cholesterol

49
Q

High levels or cholesterol in the body causes

A

Arteriosclerosis and heart attack

50
Q

Sex hormones are classified into three major groups which are

A

Estrogens
Androgens
Progestin

51
Q

The first sex hormones was

A

Estrogen

52
Q

They isolated estrogen from the urine of a pregnant woman

A

Butenandt and Doisy

53
Q

The true female hormone is

A

Estradiol

54
Q

They isolated adrosterone from 15000L of male urine

A

Butenandt and Tscherning

55
Q

The true male hormone responsible for the growth of facial and body hair, deepening of voice and muscular development and maturation of the male sex organ is called

A

Testosterone

56
Q

The most important pregnancy hormone secreted by the placenta

A

Progesterone

57
Q

Isolated from the adrenal cortex and are apparently involved in carbohydrate proteins and lipid metabolism, water and electrolyte balance and reactions to allergic and inflammatory phenomena

A

Adrenocortical hormones

58
Q

C20 carboxylate acids that contain five membered ring, at least a double bond and several oxygen-containing functional groups

A

Prostaglandin

59
Q

It was first isolated from seminal fluid and is known to affect heart rate, blood pr shire, blood clotting, conception, fertility and allergic responses

A

Prostaglandin

60
Q

The building blocks of proteins are

A

Amino acids

61
Q

Neutral amino acids are

A

Glycine
Alanine
Valine… See book

62
Q

Polyhedron you aldehydes and ketones

A

Carbohydrates

63
Q

Simplest carbohydrates that cannot be hydrolyzes into simpler carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharides

64
Q

Carbohydrates that undergo hydrolysis to produce two molecules of monosaccharide

A

Disaccharide

65
Q

A non-reducing sugar found in all photosynthetic pants and is obtained commercially from sugarcane

A

Sucrose

66
Q

A reducing sugar obtained from the hydrolysis of starch using diastase

A

Maltose

67
Q

A test done to determine whether a substance is reducing or non-reducing

A

Fehling’s test

68
Q

A reducing sugar obtained from the partial hydrolysis of cellulose

A

Cell oboist

69
Q

A reducing sugar present in the milk of humans,NCOs and almost all other mammals

A

Lactose

70
Q

Bio catalysts that lower the activation energies of important reactions without altering the reaction equilibrium

A

Enzymes

71
Q

The electrical charges or enzymes depend on the

A

pH

pKa values

72
Q

The — structure of enzymes is an amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chain

A

Primary structure

73
Q

The spatial arrangement of helices, pleated sheet and random coil structures

A

Secondary structure

74
Q

The three dimensional arrangement of helices, pleated sheet and random coil structures in enzyme

A

Tertiary structure

75
Q

The aggregation of enzyme submits or molecules into multi-submit or multi-enzyme complexes

A

Quaternary structure

76
Q

6 general classes of enzymes and functions

A 
Oxidoreductase 
Transferase 
Hydrolase 
Lyases 
Isomerase 
Ogaden or synthetase
77
Q

Enzyme which oxidize or reduce substrates by transferring hydrogen electrons

A

Oxide-reductase

78
Q

Remove groups and transfer them to acceptor molecules

A

Transferase

79
Q

It catalysts the splitting of a covalent bond of the substrate and that or a water molecule with the subsequent addition of the hydrogen and hydroxide to the two fragments of the substrate molecule

A

Hydrolases

80
Q

Remove groups from the substrate by hydrolysis to form a double bond or conversely add groups to the double bonds

A

Leases

Physical and Chemical Principles (6 decks)

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