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Biochemical Engineering Flashcards

1
Q

Deals with the conduct of biological processes on an industrial scale

A

Biochemical engineering

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2
Q

Deals with the process s where the catalyst are either living cells or extracts from them

A

Biochemical engineering

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3
Q

Engineering that involves with the biosynthesis of animal or plant products

A

Bioengineering

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4
Q

Application of engineering knowledge to the field of medicine and biology

A

Bioengineering

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5
Q

Classification of organisms according to structure

A

Prokaryotes

Eukaryotes

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6
Q

Cells without nuclear envelopes

A

Prokaryotes

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7
Q

Cells with nuclear envelopes

A

Eukaryotes

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8
Q

Classifications of organisms according to Carbon source

A

Autotrophs

Heterotrophs

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9
Q

Uses Carbon dioxide as their Carbon source

A

Autotrophs

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10
Q

Uses fancier carbon compounds such as glucose, ethanol and sucrose as Carbon source

A

Heterotrophs

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11
Q

Classifications of organism according to their energy source

A

Chemotrophs

Phototrophs

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12
Q

Two types of chemotrophs

A

Chemoorganotrophs

Chemolitotrophs

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13
Q

Obtain energy from light

A

Phototrophs

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14
Q

Two types of phototrophs

A

Photoorganotrophs

Photo autotrophs

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15
Q

Uses light as energy source and organic substances as Carbon source

A

Photoorganotrophs

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16
Q

Uses light as energy source and Carbon dioxide as principal Carbon source

A

Photo autotrophs

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17
Q

Classification of organisms according to final electron acceptor

A

Aerobes
Anaerobes
Facultative anaerobes
Microaerophiles

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18
Q

Organisms that use molecular oxygen as final oxidizing agent

A

Aerobes

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19
Q

Organisms that do not need oxygen but instead use nitrates, sulfides, Carbon dioxide as their oxidizing agent

A

Anaerobes

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20
Q

Organisms that are able to grow in the presence or absence of molecular oxygen

A

Facultative anaerobes

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21
Q

Micro organisms that need only a little amount of oxygen that is lower than atmospheric concentration

A

Microaerophiles

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22
Q

The Greek word for fat

A

Lips

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23
Q

Water insoluble bio molecules highly soluble in organic solvents such as chloroform and ether

A

Lipids

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24
Q

Uses as fuel molecules, energy storage and component of membranes

A

Lipids

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25
Stored triacylglycerols or glycerine so and unused for energy source
Fatty acids
26
Found in cytoplasm of adipose cells
Fatty acids
27
Triacylglycerols are oils of plants and fats of animals
Fatty acids
28
Triacylglycerols that are liquid in room temperature
Oils
29
Triacylglycerols that are solid at room temperature are generally called
Fats
30
The first double bond of fatty acids occurs between carbons
9 & 10
31
Common saturated fatty acids | LaMPS
Lauric acid Myristic acid Palmitic acid Stearic acid
32
Dodecaphonic acid is called
Lauric acid
33
Tetrode canonic acid is called
Myristic acid
34
Hexadecanoic acid
Palmitate acid
35
Octadecanoic acid
Stearic acid
36
Common unsaturated fatty acids
Palmitoleic acid Oldie acid Linoleic acid
37
These are important constituents of essential oils which are produced by a variety of plants, particularly conifers
Terpenes and terpenoids
38
Mono terpenes contain --- Carbon
10
39
Sesquiterpenes contain --- Carbon
15
40
Terpene isolated from bay oil
Myrcene
41
Terpenes from natural coating of apples
Alpha farnesene
42
Source of two molecules of vitamin A
Beta carotene
43
Derivatives perhydrocyclopentanophenanthere ring system
Steroids
44
Important biological regulators that shows dramatic physiological effects when administered to living organisms
Steroids
45
Important steroids
``` Sex hormones Adrenocortical hormones D vitamins Bile acids Cardiac poison ```
46
The most widely occurring steroids extracted from animal tissues which were first isolated in 1770
Cholesterol
47
They outlined the structure of cholesterol
Windaus and wieland
48
Intermediate in the synthesis of all the steroids in the body
Cholesterol
49
High levels or cholesterol in the body causes
Arteriosclerosis and heart attack
50
Sex hormones are classified into three major groups which are
Estrogens Androgens Progestin
51
The first sex hormones was
Estrogen
52
They isolated estrogen from the urine of a pregnant woman
Butenandt and Doisy
53
The true female hormone is
Estradiol
54
They isolated adrosterone from 15000L of male urine
Butenandt and Tscherning
55
The true male hormone responsible for the growth of facial and body hair, deepening of voice and muscular development and maturation of the male sex organ is called
Testosterone
56
The most important pregnancy hormone secreted by the placenta
Progesterone
57
Isolated from the adrenal cortex and are apparently involved in carbohydrate proteins and lipid metabolism, water and electrolyte balance and reactions to allergic and inflammatory phenomena
Adrenocortical hormones
58
C20 carboxylate acids that contain five membered ring, at least a double bond and several oxygen-containing functional groups
Prostaglandin
59
It was first isolated from seminal fluid and is known to affect heart rate, blood pr shire, blood clotting, conception, fertility and allergic responses
Prostaglandin
60
The building blocks of proteins are
Amino acids
61
Neutral amino acids are
Glycine Alanine Valine... See book
62
Polyhedron you aldehydes and ketones
Carbohydrates
63
Simplest carbohydrates that cannot be hydrolyzes into simpler carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
64
Carbohydrates that undergo hydrolysis to produce two molecules of monosaccharide
Disaccharide
65
A non-reducing sugar found in all photosynthetic pants and is obtained commercially from sugarcane
Sucrose
66
A reducing sugar obtained from the hydrolysis of starch using diastase
Maltose
67
A test done to determine whether a substance is reducing or non-reducing
Fehling's test
68
A reducing sugar obtained from the partial hydrolysis of cellulose
Cell oboist
69
A reducing sugar present in the milk of humans,NCOs and almost all other mammals
Lactose
70
Bio catalysts that lower the activation energies of important reactions without altering the reaction equilibrium
Enzymes
71
The electrical charges or enzymes depend on the
pH | pKa values
72
The --- structure of enzymes is an amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chain
Primary structure
73
The spatial arrangement of helices, pleated sheet and random coil structures
Secondary structure
74
The three dimensional arrangement of helices, pleated sheet and random coil structures in enzyme
Tertiary structure
75
The aggregation of enzyme submits or molecules into multi-submit or multi-enzyme complexes
Quaternary structure
76
6 general classes of enzymes and functions
``` Oxidoreductase Transferase Hydrolase Lyases Isomerase Ogaden or synthetase ```
77
Enzyme which oxidize or reduce substrates by transferring hydrogen electrons
Oxide-reductase
78
Remove groups and transfer them to acceptor molecules
Transferase
79
It catalysts the splitting of a covalent bond of the substrate and that or a water molecule with the subsequent addition of the hydrogen and hydroxide to the two fragments of the substrate molecule
Hydrolases
80
Remove groups from the substrate by hydrolysis to form a double bond or conversely add groups to the double bonds
Leases

Physical and Chemical Principles (6 decks)

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