Environmental Engineering Flashcards
1
Q
Manifest by thought and practice in the solution of problems of environmental sanitation, notably in the provision of safe, palatable and ample public water supplies, the proper disposal of or recycle of wastewater and solid waste, the adequate drainage of urban and rural areas for proper sanitation and control of water, soil and atmospheric pollution and the social and environmental impact of these solutions
A
Environmental engineering
2
Q
The revised water usage and classification
A
DAO 34-1990
3
Q
The revised effluent regulations
A
DAO 35-1990
4
Q
The new regulation for water usage and classification and effluent regulation
A
DAO 2016-08
5
Q
The new classification of water added to DAO 2016-08
A
Navigable waters
6
Q
Type of water only used for transportation
A
Navigable water
7
Q
Fresh water classification
A
Class D
8
Q
Saltwater classification
A
Class SD
9
Q
Class D and Class SD Water classification
A
Navigable waters
10
Q
Physical characteristics of water (5)
COTTT
A
Color Odor Turbidity Temperature Total solids
11
Q
Chemical characteristics of water
PHaNT POCS PhePe
A
pH Hardness Nutrients Trace metals Proteins Carbohydrates Oils, fats and greases Surfactants Phenols Pesticides and Agri Chemicals
12
Q
Characteristics of water that need to be tested
A
Physical
Chemical
Biological
13
Q
Measures of oxygen demand
DoC BoT
A
DO
ThOD
BOD
COD
14
Q
Biological characteristics
A
Measures of oxygen demand and kinetics of BOD
15
Q
This physical characteristics of wate generally is a indication of its age
A
Color
16
Q
Color of water if there is blood, industrial waste or TNT
A
Red
17
Q
Color of wastewater if not pretreated
A
Green
Yellow
18
Q
This color is an indication of surface runoff into influential and industrial flows
A
Red or other stuff il color
19
Q
This indicates septic condition of wastewater
A
Black
20
Q
Standardized glass tubes for filling up with standard solution colors for visual color comparison with similar tubes filled with solution
A
Nessler tubes
Nessler cylinders
21
Q
Colorimeter that uses a phototube or photocell, a set of color filters, an amplifiers and an indication meter for quantitative determination of color
A
Photoelectric colorimeters
Spectrophotometer
22
Q
Usually caused by gases produced by the decomposition of organic matter or by the substances added to wastewater
A
Odor
23
Q
Fishy odor is caused by
A
Amines
24
Q
Ammoniacal scent is caused by
A
Ammonia
25
Odor of decayed fish
Diamonds
26
Rotten egg smell is caused by
Hydrogen sulfide
27
Skunk odor is caused by
Mercaptans
28
Rotten cabbage scent is primarily caused by
Organic sulfide a
29
Fecal odor of wastewater is caused by
Skatole
30
Usually, the bad odor of wastewater is an indication that the substance contains these elements
Nitrogen and sulfur
31
A devices used to measure odor intensity and concentrations of volatile organic compounds by means of their smell
Olfactometer
32
A measure of the light transmitting properties of water
Turbidity
33
Another test used to indicate the quality of wastewater discharges and natural waters with respect to colloidal and residual suspended matter
Turbidity
34
Measures the intensity of light scatters at 90deg as a beam of light passes through a water sample
Nephelometer
35
Circular disk used to measure water transparency in oceans
Secchi disk depth
36
Units of turbidity
JTU
FNU
NTU
37
JTU stands for
Jackson turbidity unit
38
FNU
Formazin nephelometric unit
39
NTU
Nephelometeric Turbidity Unit
40
Higher temperatures lower the solubility of the
Gas
41
Increase the rate at which anyone containing microbes attack organic waste, at what temperature
High temperature
42
Imhoff cone removes
Settle able solids
43
When water is evaporated --- is determined
Total solids
44
When the filtrate is evaporated at 103-105 degC, what is being determined
Total dissolved solids
45
When the filter is being dried at 103-105degC, what is being determined
Total suspended solids
46
When the TDS is being ignited at 500-600degC, it will produced two components
Volatile and fixed dissolved solids
47
When the total suspended solids are being ignited at 500-600degC, the TSS is broken down into two components
Volatile suspended solids
| Fixed suspended solids
48
Volatile suspended and dissolved solids is
Total volatiles solids
49
The fixed suspended and dissolved solids is
Total fixed solids
50
Total solids is the sum of the total
Volatile and suspended solids
51
Used to describe the acid or basic properties of water solutions
pH
52
Compounds which kill pests
Pesticides
53
MCL stands for
Maximum contaminant level
54
For pesticide, the MCL for chlordane is
0.002
55
MCL for heptachlor is
0.0004
56
The MCL for lindane is
0.0002
57
The MCL for carbofuran is
0.04
58
These are toxic even in small concentrations
Heavy metals
59
Causes Minamata Disease
Mercury
60
This is a neurological disease characterized by trembling, inability to walk and speak and even serious convulsions that can lead to death
Minamata Disease
61
It is responsible for the Itai-Itai disease
Cadmium
62
An extremely painful disease that causes disintegration of the bones
Itai-Itai disease
63
It is the blue discoloration of the skin and mucous membrane
Argyria
64
Argyria is caused by
Silver
65
A carcinogenic poison
Arsenic
66
Causes neurological disease
Chromium
67
Leads to fetal malformation, mental disability, irritability, loss of appetite and reduction of sex drive
Lead
68
Amount of oxygen needed to oxidize a substance to carbon dioxide and water
Theoretical oxygen demand
69
What is the chemical formula of biomass
Search the Internet bitch
70
Measure the amount of oxygen needed to oxidize organic using strong oxidizing agents, usually KMnO4 or K2Cr2O7 in acid media
Chemical oxygen demand
71
Measures the total organics in the system
Chemical oxygen demand
72
Measure of the amount of oxygen needed by microorganism to decompose biodegradable organics at a specified time, (5 days), temperature 20degC, and pH 7
Biological oxygen demand
73
Factors affecting the rate constant of BOD
Nature of waste
Temperature
Ability of the organism in the system to utilize the waste
74
Quantity of free molecular oxygen dissolved in the water
Dissolved oxygen
75
Chemical formula of the free molecular oxygen
O2
76
Factors affecting DO
Temperature
Velocity
Salinity
77
This zone is the point where wastewater and fresh water is being mixed
Decomposition zone
78
The zone at which the dissolved oxygen level is at minimum
Septic zone
79
Zone where the oxygen level increases after its minimum point
Recovery zone
80
The point where fish kill happens is calculated by multiplying the velocity by the
Critical time
81
The rate at which the oxygen disappears from the bodies of water
Deoxygenation rate
82
Treating waste removes --- from the sewage which causes pollution
Organic matter
83
Treating waste removes --- which pose serious health risk
Pathogens
84
Disease causing organism
Pathogen
85
This treatment process has a little effect in bod reduction
Pretreatment process
86
Removes large object that would damage or foul pumps, valves and other mechanical equipment
Bar racks
87
Tanks used to remove grits
Grit chambers
88
These are dilutes, nonflocculent, free settling materials
Type 1 sedimentation
89
Used to macerate wastewater solids by revolving cutting bars
Comminuted
90
A technique to improve the effectiveness of both secondary and advanced wastewater treatment
Equalization basin
91
Makes sure the wastewater is at constant flow
Equalization basin
92
Removal of raw sludge by gravity settling
Primary sedimentation basin
93
The controlling parameters of the primary sedimentation basin
Overflow rate
94
This type of sedimentation is for dilute flocculent
Type 2 Sedimentation
95
Removes soluble BOD that escapes the primary treatment
Secondary treatment process
96
Decomposition a under secondary treatment
Aerobic decomposition
Anaerobic
Anoxic
97
Consists of bed of coarse material such as stones or plastic material over which wastewater is applied
Trickling filters
98
Provide large amounts of surface area where the microorganism cling and grow in a slime on the rocks (attached growth process)
Trickling filters
99
Mostly used filter media
Look a perry bitch
100
Provide media for the buildup of attached microbial growth, bring the growth into a contact with the wastewater
Aerate the water water and suspend microbial growth in the reservoir
Rotating biological contractors
101
Used for the removal of phosphorus and for the removal of heavy metals
Chemical precipitation
102
Common precipitates
```
Lime
Ferric chloride
Soda ash
Ferric sulfate
Alum (hydrate form 17H2O, search)
```
103
Al electrochemical process used in the removal of colloidal matter in wastewater through the addition of coagulation agents which reduce the electrostatic charges surrounding colloidal matter
Chemical coagulation
104
Chemical coagulants
Alum
Copperas
Search in the hb bitch
105
A physico-chemical process used in the removal of finely divided solids, a polyelectrolyte is added to wastewater which can form bridges that will join together the solids
Chemical flocculation
106
Common flocculants used
Anionic palyacrylamide
Alginates
Sodium alumina the
Sodium silicate
107
Refers to the destruction of pathogenic microorganism for the sole purpose of preventing transmission of disease through water
Disinfection
108
Killing all microorganism present in water
Sterilization
109
Chlorine is used to disinfect wastewater in either gaseous form or hypochlorite salts
Chlorination
110
Achieved by using formation of free radicals as oxidizing agents
Ozone toon
111
A physical process that principally involves passing a film of wastewater within close proximity of a uv source
Uv radiation
112
The alteration of physical, chemical and biological properties of the atmosphere that is likely to create harmful effects on public health, safety and welfare
Air pollution
113
Air pollutants
```
COx
CH4
NOx
VOC
SOx
PM10
```
114
Emitted by an identifiable source
Primary pollutant
115
Formed by the chemical reactions of the primary pollutants
Secondary pollutant
116
Main product of fossil fuel combustion, a major greenhouse gas when it displaces any gem on the air causing suffocation due to binomial
Carbon dioxide
117
Product of incomplete combustion, causes anoxic it's where it reacts with hemoglobin forming carb oxyhemoglobin
Carbon monoxide
118
Acid raid precursors
Sox
119
Formed mainly during high temperature combustion of fuel in cars, causes reddish brown haze in city air, contributor to the formation of ground level bad ozone
Not
120
Artificial gases used as coolants in refrigerators and air conditioners
CFCs
121
They are non toxic, nonflammable, no biodegradable, non water soluble that is stable and can reach the stratosphere
CFCs
122
Contribute to urban haze, cause visibility reduction
Particulate matter
123
The tendency of the atmosphere for resist or enhance vertical motion
Atmospheric stability
124
Thermal structure neither enhances or resists mechanical turbulence
Neutral stability
125
Mechanical turbulence is enhanced by the thermal structure
Unstable or superadiabatic
126
Thermal structure inhibits mechanical turbulence
Stable or subadult attic
127
This happens when there is smog or fog
Inversion temperature
128
Particulate removal is by gravity; recommended for particulate size in the range of 50 microns or higher
Settling chambers
129
Dirty gas is fed periphery into the device. Particulate removal is by centrifugal impact ion on the cyclone wall from where it falls to the bottom
Cyclone collector
130
Uses water to effect particulate separation from the gas stream; recommended for particulates of 5 to 20 microns and should have high affinity for water
Venturi scrubbers
131
Septa rates the particulates form the main stream by direct interception; filter medium is cloth or acetate membrane filters
Bag filters
132
Most efficient method which is recommended for all sizes if particulates especially those below 1 to 10 microns; gas is given an electrical charge as it enters the device
Electrostatic precipitators
133
Hierarchy of solid waste management
```
Prevention
Reduction
Recycling
Treatment
Disposal
```
