Organic Chemistry Flashcards
1
Q
Hydrocarbon
A
- a compound only containing carbon and hydrgenatoms
2
Q
Saturated Compound
A
- a compound in which all the bonds between the carbon atoms are single bonds
3
Q
Unsaturated Compound
A
- a compound in which there is at least one double and/or triple bond between the carbon atoms
4
Q
Functional Group
A
- an atom or group of atoms that form the centre of chemical activity in a molecule
5
Q
Homologous Series
A
- a series of similar compounds apart of the same functional group with the same general formula in which each member differs from the previous by a single CH2 unit
6
Q
Isomers (3)
A
- Chain length
- Positional
- Functional
7
Q
Structural Isomers
A
- compounds having the same molecular formula just different structural formulae
8
Q
Alcohols (3)
A
- OH
- Hydroxyl Group
- ‘ol’
9
Q
Carboxylic Acids (3)
A
- C=OOH
- Carboxyl Group
- ‘oic acid’
10
Q
Ester (3)
A
- COC=O
- Ester Group
- ‘oate’
11
Q
Alkanes Reactions (3)
A
- Substitution (Halogen Substituted in for Hydrogen, needs a U.V. light for radicals to form and for the bonds to be attacked)
- Combustion (Burn in the presence of O2 to form CO2 and H2O)
- Cracking (the split of one chain into smaller substituents of an alkane and an alkene, heating in the absence of O2)
12
Q
Haloalkanes Reactions (2)
A
- Substitution (the halogen is substituted with a hydroxide molecule to form an alcohol, water solvent and a strong base NaOH)
- Elimination (the halogen and a hydrogen is removed to form an alkene, solvent is alcohol, strong base and light heating)
13
Q
Alcohols Reactions (2)
A
- Combustion (burnt in excess O2 to form CO2 and H20)
- Elimination (eliminates the OH and a single hydrogen to form an alkene, acid catalyst H2SO4, Dehydration)
14
Q
Alkenes Reactions (5)
A
- Combustion (burnt i excess O2 to form CO2 and H2O)
- Addition :
. Hydrogenation (addition of hydrogen to form an alkane, catalyst of platinum)
. Hydration (addition of steam in the presence of a catalyst H2SO4, converted to alcohol)
. Hydrohalogenation (converts to a haloalkane, no catalyst)
. Halogenation (fast reaction, forms a haloalkane with 2 halogen atoms) - test for unsaturation.
15
Q
Esters Reactions (1)
A
- condensation (Alcohol and carboxylic acid are used to form the ester and water, water bath is used to 60 degrees, acid catalyst
