chemical bonding

Question 1

chemical bonding (3)

Answer 1

• the lasting attraction between particles that enables the formation of chemical compounds.
• occurs to have a lower energy and increase stability
• allows atoms to gain “full valence shells”

Question 2

types (3)

Answer 2

• ionic
• covalent
• metallic

Question 3

Lewis structure (2)

Answer 3

• dots next to symbol of element

- represents the amount of electrons in the valence shell

Question 4

ionic bonding (losses or gains an electron) (4)

Answer 4

• represented with lewis structures
• the symbols as a result are drawn within brackets and then the sign of whether the atom has gained or lost an electron
• metals lose, gasses gain
• the transfer of electrons from one atom to another

Question 5

naming and writing the formula for ionic bonds (4)

Answer 5

• name of positive ion is first
• negative ion is second
• name of anion takes the suffix (-ide) unless otherwise specified
• formula must equate to 0 as a charge

Question 6

stock notation (1)

Answer 6

• some metals a written with roman numerals because their electron loss differs

Question 7

polyatomic ions (12)

• carbonate
• nitrate
• nitrite
• hydroxide
• ammonium
• permanganate
• sulphate
• sulphite
• chromate
• dichromate
• ethanoate
• phosphate

Answer 7

) overall charge is not 0

• carbonate (co3 2-)
• nitrate (no3 -)
• nitrite (no2 -)
• hydroxide (OH -)
• ammonium (nh4 + ) Note it is positive
• permanganate (MnO4 -)
• sulphate (so4 2-)
• Sulphite (so3 2-)
• chromate (CrO4 2-)
• dichromate (Cr2o7 2-)
• ethanoate (ch3coo -)
• phosphate (ph4 3-)

Question 8

covalent bonding (7)

Answer 8

• atoms sharing / fighting over electrons
• non metals attract non metals
• certain point at which the potential energy is at it’s minimum
• hydrogen has a single bond
• oxygen, has a double bond
• nitrogen has a triple bond
• effective nuclear charge (the average nuclear charge felt by an electron in an atom = no. of Pro - no. inner shell Elec. (inner shell electrons are all electrons that we before the nth shell) )

Question 9

determining bond type (2)

Answer 9

• metals and non metals is Ionic

- two non metals is covalent

Question 10

metallic bonding (1)

Answer 10

• the electrostatic attraction between a lattice of positive kernels and a sea of delocalized electrons