Organic Chemistry

Question 1

What is organic chemistry?

Answer 1

Systematic study of the compounds or carbon excluding oxides, cyanides, carbides and carbonates.

Question 2

What is an organic compound?

Answer 2

Class of compounds that occur naturally, (but can also be made in labs)

Question 3

Why can carbon make so much stuff?

Answer 3

Can make foub covalent bonds and bond with itself, once, twice or THREE TIMES and rings and stuff

Question 4

What is a hydrocarbon?

Answer 4

Molecule of just hydrogen and carbon bonded covalently.

Question 5

What are saturated vs unsaturated hydrocarbons?

Answer 5

Contains only single carbon carbon bonds in saturated, double or triple in saturated carbons.

Question 6

What are cyclic hydrocarbons?

Answer 6

Hydrocarbons where some carbon atoms are arranged in a ring.

Question 7

What are some properties of hydrocarbons?

Answer 7

GENERALLY
Insoluble in water
Soluble in non polar solvents
Non polar
B.p increases as length of hydrocarbon increases

Question 8

What do branches do to b.p of hydrocarbons?

Answer 8

Lower b.p as the molecules cant get close together

Question 9

What is a homologous series?

Answer 9

A series of elements that increases by a certain ratio each time.
Eg alkanes increase by CH2 each time

Question 10

What reactions do alkanes go in?

Answer 10

Combustion
and
Substitution- where halogens take the place of a hydrogen making a haloalkane and for eg HCL

Question 11

What are isomers?

Answer 11

Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas
They end up with different names and properties because they’re shaped differently

Question 12

What are alkenes?

Answer 12

family of hydrocarbons with a double bond between carbons.

Question 13

What reactions for alkENes go in?

Answer 13

Combustion and addition reactions .
In addition reactions the double bond breaks and two hydrogens or halogens join in.
and polymerisation

Question 14

What is an alKYNE-?

Answer 14

Hydrocarbons containing one triple bond between 2 carbons

Question 15

What reactions can alkynes go in?

Answer 15

Combustion and addition reactions

Question 16

What is a cyclic hydrocarbon?

Answer 16

Some hydrocarbons can form a ring with its carbon backbone.

Question 17

What the aromatic series?

Answer 17

Unsaturated cyclic compounds with a single double single double pattern.
The rings electrons delocalise so its strength is between single and double bonds.

Question 18

What is a functional group?

Answer 18

Atoms, bonds or group of atoms that give a molecule its specific properties

Question 19

What is an alcohol?

Answer 19

Carbon chain containing at least one hydroxy (OH) group.

ends with -ol

Question 20

What are properties of alcohols?

Answer 20

Higher b and m point than corresponding alka/enes due to h bonds
B.p’s increase with size - increased effect of dispersion forces.
smaller alcohols are soluble in water- due to h bonds,
as it gets bigger not so much due to more non polar bits in it

Question 21

What reactions can hydrogens do?

Answer 21

Combustion in air

Question 22

What are carboxylic acids?

Answer 22

Homologous series with COOH (carboxy) functional group.

Question 23

What are some properties of carboxylic acids?

Answer 23

Weak acids, donating a proton from an oxygen.

high b and m point due to h bonds like alcohols.

Question 24

what is ethanoic acid?

Answer 24

VINEGAR

Question 25

What reactions do carboxylic acids go into?

Answer 25

Esterification with alcohols producing H20 and and an ester. MAKES H20 - uses H2S04 as catalyst

Question 26

What does cracking do?

Answer 26

Converts large molecules into smaller, more useful molecules. Done at high temp, or low temp with catalyst

Question 27

How do we refine crude oil?

Answer 27

Fractional distillation remember bubble caps allow condensation and gasses to rise.