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Chemistry > Metallic Bonding > Flashcards

Metallic Bonding Flashcards

1
Q

Describe high tensile strength?

A

Highly resistant to the stresses of being stretched or drawn out and don’t break easily.

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2
Q

What are metallic lattice structures?

A

Array of cations surrounded by a sea of delocalised electrons, that holds the lattice together.

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3
Q

What is metallic bonding

A

WHen metallic atoms combine to form a metallic lattice. Attraction between the cationic lattice and the delocalised electrons.

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4
Q

Why is metal lustre?

A

Mobile electrons in lattice reflect light

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5
Q

Why do metals conduct heat?

A

Electrons gain kinetic energy really quickly and cause they can move freely they transfer it by bumping into each other to other bits of metal.

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6
Q

Why metals dense?

A

Metallic lattices are closely packed

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7
Q

Why high b.p and hard? metals

A

strong metallic bonding

THE MORE OUTER SHELL ELECTRONS THE STRONGER THE BOND AND HARDER THE METAL IS

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8
Q

Why metals conduct electricity?

A

Moving charged particles move to positive end of electric current

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9
Q

Why malleable and ductile are metals?

A

Metallic bonds are non directional so the layers of cations can move past each other. Metal nature doesnt change. :)

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10
Q

What is an alloy?

A

Metal that has been mixed when molten with other metals or some non metals

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11
Q

What is the process of making an alloy called?

A

Alloying

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12
Q

What is the term carat?

A

Ratio of precious metal to base metal in an alloy.

Out of 24, so say 18 carat gold is 18/24 (75%) Gold and 25% something else

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13
Q

What are the tyoes of alloys? Outline what they are?

A

Interstitial and Substitutional.
Interstitial: The atomic size of the metals differs greatly, small atoms fit into the spaces between the larger atoms.
Subsitutional: Atoms used are about the same size so they can replace each other in the metal crystals.

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14
Q

What is an eg of Substitutional alloy?

A

Sterling silver

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15
Q

Eg of interstitial alloy

A

Steel ( Iron and carbon)

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16
Q

What are a few things to note about s block metals?

A 
Very reactive
Low density (not many outer shell electrons)
Usually form white compounds
Light 
doesnt exist elementally
17
Q

P Block metal notes?

A

Good conductors, resistant to corrosion

eg. Lead, Al( creates layer of Al2O3 to not rust)

18
Q

Properties of D block metals?

A 
Form colourful compounds
Some are magnets(iron cobalt and nickel)
Most are used as alloys
Good catalysts
eg copper iron cobalt
19
Q

Which metals are magnets?

A

Cobalt Nickel and Iron

20
Q

Whats wrong with the lattice model?

A

Doesnt explain magnetism, density or malleability

21
Q

Outline the principles of the ball bearing model

A

Metals form perfect close packed grains. The Boundaries between the grains in the metal are called grain boundaries.
the larger the grains in a metal the more easily it bends (less dislocations)
The smaller the grains the more dislocations making it hard to bend

22
Q

What happens when a metal bends?

A

Atoms slide over each other. The more easily it slides the more easily it bends

23
Q

What is work hardening?

A

Bending or hammering cold metals

Causes the crystals to be smaller, so harder to bend but more brittle

24
Q

What is annealing?

What does the metal then have?

A

Heat until red hot then cool slowly

Large crystals

25
Q

What does annealing cause?

A

metal is softer

restores ductility to work hardened stuff

26
Q

What is quenching? What does it cause?

A

Heat until red hot then cool quickly in cool water

Small crystals

27
Q

What does quenching cause??

A

Hard but brittle metal.

Horseshoes

28
Q

What does tempering do? What is it?

A

Quenched metal are heated at a slightly lower temp then cooled slowly
Reduces brittleness and retains hardness

29
Q

Use of tempering>

A

Axes, and wood carving tools

30
Q

What is a big problem with metals>

A

Corrosion

31
Q

What is surface protection. Give examples

A

Surface protection aims to prevent air and water from coming into contact with metal, so it doesnt rust
Eg: plastic, paint, grease (machinery)

32
Q

What are the two types of metal coatings?

A

Noble and sacrificial

33
Q

what is noble coating?

A

Coating of a metal that is less reactive than it, as a cover.
Scratching it means there is corrosion though so it is used generally where there isnt going to be any scratching

34
Q

What is sacrificial coating?

A

Coating of metal that is more reactive than it. If it breaks, an electrochemical cell is formed and then that corrodes leaving the metal protected.
Eg zinc forms zinc carbonate on top of steel protecting it

35
Q

What is a metal that has been sacrificially coated called?

A

Galvanised….

36
Q

What happens when a metal and oxygen react?

A

Forms metal oxide

37
Q

What happens when a metal and water reacts?

A

Metal hydroxide and hydrogen

38
Q

What happens when a metal and acid reacts?

A

ionic salt and hydrogen produced.

39
Q

What is something to note about metallic nanomaterials

How does it affects its properties?

A
  1. Reactivity is influenced by size of its particles
  2. High surface area to volume ratio of nano particles increases reactivity and catalytic ability due to greater contact with reactant stuff

Chemistry (9 decks)

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