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Chemistry > Atomic Structure > Flashcards

Atomic Structure Flashcards

1
Q

What is matter

A

Anything we can see smell touch, that occupies space and has mass

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2
Q

What is the mass of an electron

A

1/1837

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3
Q

What is a molecule

A

Two or more atoms chemically combined

Eg O2 molecules

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4
Q

What are macromolecules

A

A very large molecule like DNA or proteins

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5
Q 
Label the following with their scientific notation in reference to a metre
Cm
Mm
Um
Nm
Pm
A 
Cm: centimetres : 10(-2)m
Mm: millimetres : 10(-3)m
Um: micrometers : 10 (-6)m
Nm: nanometers : 10(-9)m
Pm: picometres: 10(-12)m

The exponent is the number of zeroes before we get to the 1.
Eg: mm : 0.001 of a metre

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6
Q

What is the maximum width the eye can see?

A

0.5mm

Width of human hair

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7
Q

Where do atoms originate?

A

In the stars

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8
Q

What is nanoscience?

A

Interdisciplinary field studying structures on the nanoscale.

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9
Q

What is so special about things on the nanoscale?

A

The extremely small size of the nanoparticles gives them unique properties, described using quantum not classical physics.

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10
Q

How does energy occur according the quantum mechanics?

A

Energy is not continuous but comes in small packets called quanta.
THEY HAVE WAVE PROPERTIES.

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11
Q

What are some uses of nanotech?

A

Medicine and Pharmaceuticals, designed on the nanoscale for more effective and accurate treatments.
silver socks- antibacterial
Carbon nanotubes- bullet proof vests.
PROPERTY OF THINGS CHANGE ON THE NANOSCALE

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12
Q

What are some cons of nanotech?

A

Privacy issues
Potential Military use- tiny weapons
Who own nanotech?
Accidental release. we dont really know much about it

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13
Q

Atomic number is

A

Number of protons in nucleus of atom.

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14
Q

how many elements are there?

A

118

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15
Q

Mass Number is

A

total number of protons and neutrons in an element

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16
Q

Label an isotopic symbol

A

A

Z E a=mass number Z= atomic number E= symbol for element

17
Q

What are isotopes?

A

Forms of an element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons. May have different physical properties due to different masses.
EG- deuterium h a =2 - used in heavy water makes it denser than regular water

18
Q

What is a cool use of isotopes?

A

Radiocarbon dating.
The radioactive isotope carbon-14 has a half life of 5700 years and is present in small amounts in living things. The amount of the isotope left in something can tell us how old it is.

19
Q

What determines the behaviour and compounds an element makes?

A

THE ARRANGEMENT OF ELECTRONS AROUND THE NUCLEUS LARGELY determines an atoms behaviour, properties and what compounds/molecules it makes (if any)

20
Q

What happens when you pass an electric current through the gaseous vapours of an element?

A

An atomic emission spectrum is produced, because the atoms absorb energy and then lose it as light.

21
Q

What is an atomic emission spectrum?

A

a series of separate lines of coloured light. Each line consists of a particular frequency and therefor one exact amount of energy given off by an atom.

22
Q

What happens when an atom drops back from exited state?

A

An element gives off the excess energy that it holds as a photon, which is seen as a line of colour on the visible spectrum.
THE ENERGY GIVEN OUT IS THE DIFFERENCE IN ENERGY LEVELS BETWEEN TWO ENERGY LEVELS

23
Q

What are electrons shells?

A

REgions of space surrounding the nucleus where electrons move, labelled K,L,M,N and 1,2,3,4.
( lowest energy is k and it increases as you go up in shells)

24
Q

How many electrons can go into a shell?

A

2n^2 where n is the number of the shell

25
Q

What is electron configuration?

A

Arrangement of electrons in the shells of an atom.

26
Q

Ions

A

atoms that have lost or gains one or more electrons

27
Q

What largely determines the chemical properties of an element?

A

Outer shell (Valence) electrons, as it determines bonding.

28
Q

What are some problems with the shell model?

A

Doesnt explain difference in energy levels.

Implies electrons move around in set paths

29
Q

What is an orbital?

A

A region of space around the nucleus.

visualise as a blurry cloud of negative charge, most dense where you are most likely to find an electron.

30
Q

What is a subshell?

A

several different energy levels within a shell. n° of subshells equals the number of the shell. subshells are s p d f and they are different shapes. 1 3 5 7

31
Q

How many electrons can go in a subshell?

A

0,1,2

32
Q

Why do nanoparticles have cool properties?

A

High surface area to volume ratio, and extremely small size.

33
Q

What is up with chromium and copper?

A

They have half and fully filled d subshell and only have 4s1.

34
Q

Why does chromium and copper do that thing?

A

MORE STABILITY

Chemistry (9 decks)

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