organic chemistry Flashcards
what bonds do all alkanes have
C-C single bonds
what is a homologous series
a group of organic compounds that react in a similar way
what are the first four alkanes
methane, ethane, propane, butane
what happens to the properties of a hydrocarbon when its chain is shorter
the shorter the carbon chain the more runny the hydrocarbon is, they have lower boiling points and is more flamable
what is the word equation for complete combustion
hydrogen + oxygen –>carbon dioxide + water
what is crude oil
a fossil fuel
is crude oil renewable or not, explain why.
crude oil is non-renewable because i is made up from remains that died millions of years ago and were burried in mud which over millions of years and high temperature the remains turn into crude oil. this takes so long that it is used up faster than it can be made so it is finite / non-renewable
what are the different compounds in crude oil seperated by
fractional distillation
how does fractional distillation work
the oil is heated until most of it is turnd into gas which then enters a fractionalising column. the column has a temperature gradient (its hot at the bottom and cools at the top). the longer hydrocrabons have hiuguh boiling points and condense back into liquids and drain out of the column early on when theyre near the bottom. short hydrocarbons have low boiling points which condense and drain much later on, near to the top of the column where its cooler. you end up with crude oil mixture seperated into different fractions
What can chemists do in terms of our usage of finite resources that will help reduce damage to the environment. Give an example.
Chemists can develop and adapt processes that use lower amounts of finite resources and reduce damage to the environment. For example, chemists have developed catalysts that reduce the amount of energy required for certain industrial processes
What type of resource is copper and what is one way its sustainability can be improved
Copper is a finite resource and its sustainability can be improved by extracting it from low - grade ores (ores without much copper)
What is bioleaching and how can it improve coppers sustainability
Bacterua is used to convert copper compounds in the ore into solube copper compounds seperatin the copper from the ore in the process. The leachate ( the solution produced by the process) contains copper ions which can be extracted by disaplacement.
What is phytomining
Involves growing plants in soil that contains copper. The plants cant use or get rid of the copper so it gradually builds up in the leaves. The plants dan be harvested, dried and burned in a furnace. The ash contains soluble copper compounds from which copper can be extracted by electrolysis or displacement using scrap iron
What 3 things does recycling metals do that give benefits
Use much less energy than is needed to mine and extract a new metal
Conserves the finite amount of each metal in the earth
Cuts down on the amount of waste getting sent to landfill
How are metals usually recycled
By melting them and then casting them into shape of the new product
What is a blast furnace used for
Used to extract iron from its ore at a high temperature using carbon
What two ways can recycling glass help sustainability
By reducing the amount of energy needed to make new glass products
By reducing the amount of waste created when used glass is thrown away
How is glass usually recycled
Glass is crushed and then melted to be reshaped
What do LCAs show
They show the total environmental impacts
What 4 things do LCAs
