Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry > C1 Atomic Structure/periodic Table > Flashcards

C1 Atomic Structure/periodic Table Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Chemistry flashcards Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is an ion

A

A charged atom or molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is an isotope

A

Atoms with the same number of protons amd electrons but different amount of nuetrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is an element

A

A substance made from only one type of atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a compound

A

A chemical substance made up of two or more different elements that are chemically bonded together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do you calculate mass number

A

Protons+nuetrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why are atoms nuetrally charged

A

The number of protons (positively charged) and electrons (negatively charged) cancel out to become nuetraly charged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the difference between a mixture and a compound

A

A mixture contains 2 or more different subastances that are only physically joined together whereas a compound is chemically bonded together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the two types of ions

A

Cation (+)
Anion (-)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a mixture

A

consists of two or more different substances, not chemically joined together.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When is fractional distillation used

A

A fractional distillation is used when separating mixtures of liquids whose boiling points are similar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What was the plum pudding model

A

negatively-charged electrons embedded within a positively-charged “soup.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What charge does protons neutrons and electrons have

A

Electrons- (-1)
Protons- (+1)
Neutrons- (0)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the steps of fractional distillation

A

Evaporation: Crude oil is heated until it evaporates. Crude oil vapour is put into a fractionating column at the bottom and rises upwards.
Condensation: The temperature is highest at the bottom of the column. …
Collection: The fractions are collected.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does paper chromotagrophy do

A

Paper Chromatography is used to separate mixtures of soluble substances in a solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When was the plum pudding discovered and what was its idea

A

1897- the atom is a ball of charge with atoms scattered around it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 5 different models in order of oldest to newest

A

1.Daltons solid sphere model, 2. Thomsons plum-pudding model, 3. Rutherfords model, 4. Bohr model, 5. Quantum mechanical model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Before the discovery of the subomatic particles what order did scuentists arange the elements of

A

Their atomic weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What do all elements in one group have in common

A

Number of electrons in the outer shell of the atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How are periods sorted

A

increasing of atomic number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What charge is the nucleus and why

A

Positively charged because protons are positively chatged and nuetrons and neutrally charged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Why do atoms have no charge

A

They have the same number of protons and electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does the atomic number tell you

A

How many protons/electrons there are

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does the mass number tell you

A

Total number of protons and neutrons in the atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are isotopes

A

Different forms of the same element. Theyll have the same atomic number as the original element but different mass numbers. For example carbons mass number is usually 12 but a common isotope would be cabon with a mass number of 13.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How many atoms are there in Ca(OH)2

A

5 atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Methane burns with oxygen making carbon dioxide and water. What is the word equation for this.

A

Methane + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What does filtration seperate

A

Insolube solids from liquids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What dose solube mean

A

If a solid can be dissolved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is one method you can use to seperate a splube salt from a solution

A

Pour the solutuon into an evaporation dish
Slowly heat the dish with a bunsin burneeand the solution will become more concentrated
Keep heating until all you have left are dry crystals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What was john daltons idea about atoms

A

19th centruy. He describes atoms as solid spheres and different spheres made up different elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What was J J thomsons idea about atoms

A
  1. Plum pudding model. Atoms werent solid spheres. Atoms have negative charged particles.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

How many electrons do group 0 elements have on the outer shell

A

8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What were the two most obvious ways that elements were catogarised in the 1800s

A

Physical and chemical propeties
Atomic weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What are 3 physical properties of metals

A

Strong
Good conductor of heat
High boiling and melting points

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What are three physical factors of non metals

A

Dull
Low density
Bad conductor of electricity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What was bohr’s discovery

A

Electrons exist in shells and orbit the nucleus in specific distances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What wa the order of the discovery of the protons, neutrons and electrons

A

Electron, proton, neutron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What are compounds held by

A

Chemical bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What happens when a metal and non metal join formign a compound.

A

The metal atoms lose electrons forming positive ions and the non-metal atoms gain electrons forming negative ions

40
Q

Whatbis ionic bonding

A

When a metal and non-metal is chemically joined through a reaction. They oppositely charged ions are strongly attracted to each other. This is ionic bonding

41
Q

What is a molecule

A

Amcompound formed from non-metals

42
Q

What is covalant bonding

A

When each atom of non metals share an electron with eachtoher. Bonding covalantnly

43
Q

How are compounds represented

A

Through formulas

44
Q

What is CO2

A

A compound formed from a chemical reaction between Carbon and Oxygen containg 1 Carbon atom and 2 Oxygen atoms

45
Q

Explain the distribution if atoms in Ca(OH)2

A

The little number outside the bracket applies to everything inside the brakcet. Therefore there is 1 Calcium atom. 2 Ocygen atoms and 2 Hydrogen atoms.

46
Q

If an element ends in ‘ide’ once chemically bonded how many atoms are there for that element

A

chlorine=1atom -> chloride =2 atoms

47
Q

If an element ends in ‘ate’ once its been chemically bonded how many atoms are there for that element

A

Carbon=1atom -> carbonate=2atoms

48
Q

Are mixtures chemically binded. What does this mean in terms of the difficulty to seperate them.

A

Mixtures arent chemically bonded and so they are easy to seperate

49
Q

Give 5 ways mixtures can be seperated

A

Filtration
Crystalisation
Simple distillation
Fractional distillation
Chromatography

50
Q

What is crude oil

A

A mixture of different length hydrocarbon molecules

51
Q

What does papar chromotagrophy seperate

A

Seperates different dyes in an ink

52
Q

Explain the process of paper chromotagrophy

A

Draw a line near the bottom of the filter paper using a pencil because its insolube and wont disolve in the solvent
Add a spot of ink to the line and place the sheet in a beaker of solvant.
Make sure the ink isnt touching the solvant as you dont want it to dissolve into it
Place a lid on top of the container to stop the solvent from evaporating
The solvent seeps up the paper carrying the ink with it
Each different dye in the ink will move up at a different rate so they will seperate out.
When the solvent has newrly reached the top of the filter paper take it out the beaker and leave it to dry

53
Q

If any of the inks are insolube during chromotography what will happen

A

If a dye is insolube theyll stay on the base line

54
Q

What is the end result of the pattern created dueing chromatography

A

Chromatogram

55
Q

When is filtration used

A

If your product is an insolube solid that needs to be seperated from a liquid mixture
For purification. To seperate solid impurities

56
Q

If a solid can be dissolved what is it described as

A

Solube

57
Q

What are the two methods used to seperate solube solids from solutions

A

Evaporation and crystallisation

58
Q

Describe the process of crystallisation to seperate a solube salt from a solution

A

Pour the solution into an evaporating dish and heat the solution. Some of the solvent will evaporate making the solutiin more concentrated
When you see crystals start to form remove the dish from the heat and leave it to cool
The salt should start to form cyrtals as it becomes insolube
Filter the crystals out of the solution and leave them to dry in a hot place

59
Q

What is rock salt made out of

A

Sand and salt

60
Q

Describe the process of filtration to seperate rock salt

A

Grinf the mixture of rock salt until fine so it will be easily dissolvable
Put the mixture in the water and stir
The salt will dissolve but the sand wont.
Filter the mixture using filter paper. The grains of salt will fit through however the sand wont so the sand will be collected on the paper instead

61
Q

What are the two types of distillation

A

Simple and fractional

62
Q

What is simple distillation used for

A

Used for seperating out a liquid from a solution

63
Q

What is one negative about simple distillation

A

You can only dissolve substances that have boiling points that are very far from eachtoher. This is because if the temperature rises about the temperature of the boiling point of the substance with the highest BP, they will mix again

64
Q

Explain the process of simple distillation

A

Heat the solution. Make sure to have a themometre inside the beaker as temperature csnt rise abiut the boiling point if the substance with the highest boiling point
The liquid with the lowest boiling ooint will evaporate first
The vapour travels through the condenser and the vapour is condensed (back into a liquid) as it is cooled
The solution with the higher boiking point will be left behind.

65
Q

What is simple distillation commonly used to seperate

A

Salt from sea water to get pure water

66
Q

What is Fractional distillation is used to seperate

A

Used to seperate a mixture if liquids

67
Q

Describe hte peocess of fractional distillation with crude oil

A

Put the mixture in a flask and place a fractionating collimn on top
Heat the mixture. The different liquids will have different boiling points so will seperate out at different temperatures.
The liquid with the lowest boiling point evaporates first.
When the themometre at the top of the fractionating collumn reaches the temperature of the boiling point of the liquid it will reach the top of the collumn.
When the first liquid has been collected raise the temperature so the liquids with higher boiling points will evaporate quicker.

68
Q

What was john deltons theory about the atom

A

Atoms were solid spheres, different spheres made up different elements.

69
Q

What model did j j thompsam discover and what was it

A

Plum pudding model- the atam was a ball of positive charge with electrons stuck in it

70
Q

How did rutherfood show the plum pudding model was wrong

A

Fired alpha particles at a thin sheet of gold. If the plum pudding model was correct the alpha particles would all pass through the sheet. However some were deflected and some even rebounded back.

71
Q

What did rutherford discover about the atom and explain it.

A

He discovered the nuclear model of the atom- tint positively charged nucleus at the centre where most the mass is. A cloud of negative electrons surrounded the nucleus. So most of the atom was empty space apart from the positvely charged nucleus which rebounded the alpha waves.

72
Q

What did bohhr discoever about the atom

A

Electrons orbit the nucleus in fixed forms. Each shell is a fixed distance from the nucleus

73
Q

What did james chadwick discover about the atom

A

He discoevered neutral particles in an atom which are called neutrons. This is the model we use tiday

74
Q

In what way is the periodic table ordered and why

A

In order of increasing of atomic (proton) number. This means the elements have repeating patterns of properties in the elements

75
Q

How does the reactivity change in group 7

A

Becomes less reactive the further you go down the group

76
Q

How does the reactivity change in group 1

A

Reactivity increases further you go down from group

77
Q

Where are non-metals located in the periodic table

A

Far top right of the periodic table

78
Q

give 3 properties of metals

A

Strong and hard to break however is malleable, can be hammered into place
Great conductor of electricity
High boiling and melting points

79
Q

3 features of non-metals

A

Dull
Brittle and have a low density
Generally dont conduct electricity

80
Q

What are group 1 elements also known as

A

Alkali metals

81
Q

Give two features of the alkali metals

A

Soft and low density

82
Q

Give 3 trends alkali metals have when going down group 1

A

Increasing reactivity
Lower melting and boiling points
Higher relative atomic mass

83
Q

What ions will group 1 elements form

A

+1 ions

84
Q

What do alkali metals form when they react

A

Ionic compounds

85
Q

What happens when alkali metals areplaced into water

A

React vigorously

86
Q

What do lithium sodium and pitassium do when placed in waterr

A

The float and fizz

87
Q

When lithium and sodium react with oxygen what do they form

A

Lithium and sodium oxide

88
Q

What are group 7 elements

A

Halogens which are all non-metals

89
Q

What is fluorine. Reactivity,colour.

A

Fluorine is a very reactive posionoess yellow gas

90
Q

What is chlorine. Reactivity, colour.

A

Fairly reactive dense green gas

91
Q

What is bromine. Reactivity, colour.

A

Bromine is a dense poisoness red-brown liquid

92
Q

What 3 things happen when you go doen the group 7 explain

A

Becomes less reactive - harder to gain an extra electron; because the outer shell is firther from the nucleus
Higher melting and boiling points
Higher relative atomic mass

93
Q

How do halogens form molecular conpounds

A

They share electrons via covalent bonding with other non-metals to achieve a full outer shell. The compounds that form when halogens react with non-metals all have simple molecular structures.

94
Q

What do halogens form when reacting with metals

A

Ionic bonds

95
Q

What are group 0 elements known as

A

Noble gases

Chemistry (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions