C2 Structure And Bonding Flashcards
What is an intermolucaler force
A force between molocules, they are weak and easy to break therefore have a low boilingnpoint and melting point
What is a covalant bond
A chemical bond formed when electrons are shared between two atoms.
Why are covalant bonds formed
They are formed when atoms of non-metals share pairs of electrons with eachother
What is a delocolised electron
Where an electron is not connected to a single atom or covalant bond
What is the difference between giant and simple covalant bonds
Simple molecules which contain a set number of atoms are joined by covalant bonds however giant covalant substances contain many atoms and are joined by covalant bonds aswell
Why can metals conduct electricity
Because they have a sea of delocalised electrons meaning electricity can flow through it
Why do metals have high melting points
Because the cations are strongly attracted to the anions meaning more energy is needed to break these bonds. Strong intermolecular forces.
What is an alloy
An alloy is a mixture of two or more elements at least one of which is a metal
What is the word that can describe a metal being easy to hammer into shape
Malleable
What is a word that can describe a metal being easy to stretch
Ductile
Why are metals good conductors of thermal energy in terms of their structure and bonding
Because the electeons are delocalised, the electrons can move freely meaning energy can be transferred essily through the atoms
What happens when an element from group 1 and 7 react (electronic structure)
The group 1 wants to lose an electron to gain a full outer shell ans group 7 wants to gain an wlwctron for a full outer shell so the group 1 element shares an electron with the group 7 to complete the full outer shells
3 properties of ionic compounds
High melting and boiling points
Electrical conductivity in a moltern or dissolved state
Poor electrical conductivity in solid state
What is an ionic lattice
A three-dimentional arrangment of ions in a crystal
Why do ionic compounds have high melting points
Because lots of energy is needed to break down the many strong bonds
What are thee main properies of graphite
High melting and boiling points, good electrical conductivity, soft
Why does graphite have high melting and boiling points
Graphites has many covalent bonds and they are strong therefore lots of energy is needed to break them
Why does graphite have good electrical conductivity
A sea of delocalised electrons so electrons can move freely through it.
Why is graphite soft
Geaphite has week forces between layers which let them slide
What are the main properties of diamond
Has very high melting point, very hard, doesnt conduct electricity
How do you do paper chromotagrophy
Draw a line near the bottom of the filter paper with pencil. Add a spot of ink to the line and place paper in the beaker of solvent without the ink touching the solvent. The solvent is what is being tested. Place a lid on and watch each different dye in the ink move up the paper at different rates and the dyes will spread out. Each dye will form a different spot in a different place. If any dyes are insolube they wont rise. When the solvent has nearly reached the top of the paper take it out of the beaker and leave it to dry.
What is the name of the pattern of spots called in chromotagrophy
Chromatogram
What is an ionic bond
A bond formed when a metal and a non-metal react with eachother
Two ways sodium chloride can be made to conduct electricity
Put in water
Melted into a liquid
What dies paper chromotagrophy test
Seperates and identifies unknown amino acids
What is complete combustion
A chemical reaction that occurs in an unlimted amount of oxygen and reacts fully with oxygen
What is incomplete combustion
A chemical reaction where the supply of oxygen is poor so it doesnt fully react with oxygen
What does Ph mean
A figure exxpressing acidity or alkanility of a solution. Range is from 0-14. pH7 is nuteral, the lower you go the more acidic. The higher the pH is the less acidic
What are simple molecular substances made from and what are they joined by
Simple molecular substances are made from molecules containing a few atoms joined by covalant bonds
What is a double covalant bond
When an atom needs two more elctrons to complete their outer shell, they shaire two pairs of electrons forming a double covalant bond
When is a covalant bond formed
When non metal atoms bond together
Wyy are covalant bonds strong
Becauae the positively charged nuclei gets attracted to the electrostatic firces
How many electeons does every covalant bond share
Every covalant bond provides one extra electron for each atom
What are simple molecular substances
Molecules containing a few atoms joined together by covalant bonds
Give an example of a single covalant bond
Hydrogen only has one electron so they need one more to complete their full outer shell. Therefore they form single covalant bonds
Give an example of a double covalant bond
Oxygen atoms need two extra electrons to to complete their full outer shell. They shair two pairs of electrons forming a double covalant bond
Give an example of a tripple covalant bond
Nitrogen needs 3 more electrons on their outer shell for it to become full. Therefore nitrogen forms a tripple covalant bond.
What is relative formula mass
The relative atomic mass of all the atoms added together in the equation
What is the relative formula mass of MgCl2. M=24 Cl=35.5
24+35.5(2) = 95
How do you find the %mass of an element in a compound
% mass of an element in a compound = atomic mass x number of atoms in the element / Relative formula mass of the compound x100
What is the % of magnesium in MgCl2 M=24 Cl=35.5
% = 24 / 90 x 100 = 25.26%
What is avogadros number
6.02x10^23
How much does one mole of carbon weight. Atomic mass of carbon = 28
28g
How many moles are there in 66g of CO2 C=12 0=16
Number of moles = 66/44=1.5
What is the mole, mass , relative formula mass equation ntriangle
.Mass
Number of moles. Relative formulamass
