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Biology > Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

To be organic it must contain…(The Element)

A

Carbon

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2
Q

Water is not an organic compound

A

Water does not contain Carbon

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3
Q

Carbon has(How many bonds)

A

4 Covalent bonds

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4
Q

Polymers are…

A

Large organic molecules made up of many smaller molecules

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5
Q

Carbohydrates are mainly for

A

Instant energy

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6
Q

Lipids are mainly for

A

Energy storage

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7
Q

Monomers are…

A

Small molecules that make up larger polymers, think building blocks for polymers

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8
Q

Carbohydrates are…(the 2 s)

A

Sugars and Starches

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9
Q

Foods high in carbohydrates

A

Candy, Fruit, Potatoes, Pasta, Bread, Dairy, Grains

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10
Q

Carbohydrates contain(Elements)

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

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11
Q

The ratio of H:O is…(A number)

A

2:1

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12
Q

C6H12O6 is a possible chemical compound for

A

Sugar

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13
Q

Sacer

A

Sugar

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14
Q

Monosaccharide

A

One sugar

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15
Q

Polysaccharide

A

Many sugars

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16
Q

Disaccharide

A

Two sugars

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17
Q

All monosaccharides have the same chemical formula, but not the same structural formulas. They are called…

A

Isomers, Iso=Same

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18
Q

Glucose

A

Blood Sugar

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19
Q

Galactose

A

Milk Sugar

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20
Q

Fructose

A

Fruit Sugar

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21
Q

All Disaccharides have the same chemical formula…

A

C12H22O11

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22
Q

Maltose

A

Malt Sugar

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23
Q

Lactose

A

Milk Sugar

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24
Q

Sucrose

A

Table Sugar

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25
Q

Disaccharides include(Three types of Sugars)

A

Maltose, Lactose, Sucrose

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26
Q

Starch

A

Plant Storage

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27
Q

Glycogen

A

Animal Storage

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28
Q

Chitin

A

Exoskeleton

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29
Q

Cellulose

A

Fiber, Cellwalls

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30
Q

Polysaccharides include(Four types of Sugars)

A

Starch, Glycogen, Chitin, Cellulose

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31
Q

Monosaccharides include(Three types of Sugars)

A

Fructose, Galactose, Glucose

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32
Q

The bonding of two monomers together to make a larger molecule by removing water

A

Dehydration Synthesis

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33
Q

Breaking apart a polymer by adding water

A

Hydrolysis

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34
Q

_______ Does not dissolve in water

A

Lipids

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35
Q

The elements in Lipids…

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

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36
Q

Is there a 2:1 ratio in Lipids

A

No

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37
Q

There are more Hydrogen than Oxygen in…

A

Lipids

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38
Q

Foods high in Lipids(Fats)

A

Avocado, Bacon, Red Meats, Anything Fried, Some Dairy, Butter

39
Q

Function of Lipids

A

Energy Storage, Protection over nerves, Temperature Regulation

40
Q

What chemical Structure is this?
H
I
H - C - O - H
I
H - C - O - H
I
H - C - O - H
I
H

A

Glycerol

41
Q

Lipids always bond 3 fatty acids to 1 glycerol

A
42
Q

________________ (R) Makes each fatty acid different by its length

A

Hydro Carbon Chain

43
Q

COOH

A

Carboxyl Group/Acid

44
Q

Contains one or more double bonds in the HydroCarbon Bond

A

Unsaturated Fats

45
Q

Saturated Fats contains

A

All single bonds in the Hydrocarbon Chain

46
Q

Saturated Fats are _____ at room temp

A

Solid

47
Q

Unsaturated Fats are _____ at room temp

A

Liquid

48
Q

A fat that is NOT natural

A

Trans Fat

49
Q

A trans fat was changed from a ________ to a _________

A

Unsaturated, Saturated

50
Q

To change an unsaturated fat to a saturated fat you need to

A

Adding partially hydrogenated oil

51
Q

Any amount less than 0.4 grams of Trans Fats is considered

A

0 grams of trans fats

52
Q

Examples of lipids

A

Triglycerides, Phospholipids, Steroid, Cutin

53
Q

Cutin

A

Waxy coating on leaves

54
Q

Steroids

A

Testosterones, Albuterol(Asthma)

55
Q

Phospholipids

A

Cell Membranes

56
Q

Triglycerides

A

Bloods

57
Q

What chemical structure is this?

                  H 
                    \       
                     O   O
                      |    ||
                        C
                         |
                  H - C - H
                         |
                  H - C - H
                         |
                  H - C - H
                        ||
                        C - H
                         |
                        H
A

Unsaturated Fatty Acid(Because of the multiple Double bonds)

57
Q

What chemical structure is this?

                    CH2OH
                          |
                         C --- O
                        /           \
               H - O              O - H
                        \            /
                         O ---  O
                          |        |
                         H       H
A

Glucose

57
Q

What chemical structure is this?

                  H 
                    \       
                     O   O
                      |    ||
                        C
                         |
                  H - C - H
                         |
                  H - C - H
                         |
                  H - C - H
                         |
                  H - C - H
                         |
                        H
A

Saturated Fatty Acid(There is only 1 Double bonds)

58
Q

The function of Proteins is…

A

Muscle tissue, Hair, Skin, and Nail Health,

59
Q

Enzymes-

A

Controls chemical reactions that happen in the body

60
Q

Venom is an example of a…

A

Protein

61
Q

Foods that contain Protein

A

Meats, Lobster, Nuts, Beans, Spinach, Eggs, Cauliflower, Oatmeal

62
Q

Elements in a Protein…

A

C, H, O, N, and sometimes Sulfer

63
Q

Monomers of a Protein…

A

Amino Acids

64
Q

R is the ______

A

Variables

65
Q

Amine Group NH2 is on the…

A

Right of a protein structure

66
Q

Dipeptide-

A

Two amino acids bonded together

67
Q

A Dipeptide is bonded by…

A

Dehydration Synthesis

68
Q

The name of the bond holding two amino acids together is called…

A

a Peptide

69
Q

Polypeptide-

A

Many amino acids bonded together

70
Q

The order of the __ different amino acids makes each protein different

A

20

71
Q

Examples of proteins

A

Collagen, Keratin, Hemoglobin, Insulin, and Lactase.

72
Q

Collagen-

A

Found in skin and bones

73
Q

Keratin-

A

Found in hair, skin, and nails

74
Q

Hemoglobin-

A

Protein found in blood

75
Q

Insulin-

A

Hormone used to control blood sugar

76
Q

Lactase-

A

Enzymes used to breakdown sugar

77
Q

Nucleic Acids contains…

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphate

78
Q

Nucleic Acids are the only organic compound containing…

A

Phosphate

79
Q

________ are NOT a nutrient found in food

A

Nucleic Acids

80
Q

They are found in the ____ of all _____

A

Nucleus, All Cells

81
Q

Function of Nucleic Acids

A

carry the genetic code and help make proteins

82
Q

Two types of Nucleic acids are…

A

DNA and RNA

83
Q

Monomers for Nucleic Acids are called

A

Nucleotides

84
Q

Nucleic Acids bond by

A

Dehydration Synthesis

85
Q

Nucleotides are made up of

A

A Phosphate, A Sugar, And A Nitrogen Base(Nitrogenous Base)

86
Q

Shape of a DNA`

A

Double Helix

87
Q

Shape of a RNA

A

Single Chain

88
Q

Sugar in DNA

A

Deoxyribose

89
Q

Sugar in RNA

A

Ribose

90
Q

Base in a DNA

A

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine

91
Q

Base in a RNA

A

Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine

Biology (6 decks)

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