Organic Chemistry Flashcards
1
Q
To be organic it must contain…(The Element)
A
Carbon
2
Q
Water is not an organic compound
A
Water does not contain Carbon
3
Q
Carbon has(How many bonds)
A
4 Covalent bonds
4
Q
Polymers are…
A
Large organic molecules made up of many smaller molecules
5
Q
Carbohydrates are mainly for
A
Instant energy
6
Q
Lipids are mainly for
A
Energy storage
7
Q
Monomers are…
A
Small molecules that make up larger polymers, think building blocks for polymers
8
Q
Carbohydrates are…(the 2 s)
A
Sugars and Starches
9
Q
Foods high in carbohydrates
A
Candy, Fruit, Potatoes, Pasta, Bread, Dairy, Grains
10
Q
Carbohydrates contain(Elements)
A
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
11
Q
The ratio of H:O is…(A number)
A
2:1
12
Q
C6H12O6 is a possible chemical compound for
A
Sugar
13
Q
Sacer
A
Sugar
14
Q
Monosaccharide
A
One sugar
15
Q
Polysaccharide
A
Many sugars
16
Q
Disaccharide
A
Two sugars
17
Q
All monosaccharides have the same chemical formula, but not the same structural formulas. They are called…
A
Isomers, Iso=Same
18
Q
Glucose
A
Blood Sugar
19
Q
Galactose
A
Milk Sugar
20
Q
Fructose
A
Fruit Sugar
21
Q
All Disaccharides have the same chemical formula…
A
C12H22O11
22
Q
Maltose
A
Malt Sugar
23
Q
Lactose
A
Milk Sugar
24
Q
Sucrose
A
Table Sugar
25
Disaccharides include(Three types of Sugars)
Maltose, Lactose, Sucrose
26
Starch
Plant Storage
27
Glycogen
Animal Storage
28
Chitin
Exoskeleton
29
Cellulose
Fiber, Cellwalls
30
Polysaccharides include(Four types of Sugars)
Starch, Glycogen, Chitin, Cellulose
31
Monosaccharides include(Three types of Sugars)
Fructose, Galactose, Glucose
32
The bonding of two monomers together to make a larger molecule by removing water
Dehydration Synthesis
33
Breaking apart a polymer by adding water
Hydrolysis
34
_______ Does not dissolve in water
Lipids
35
The elements in Lipids...
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
36
Is there a 2:1 ratio in Lipids
No
37
There are more Hydrogen than Oxygen in...
Lipids
38
Foods high in Lipids(Fats)
Avocado, Bacon, Red Meats, Anything Fried, Some Dairy, Butter
39
Function of Lipids
Energy Storage, Protection over nerves, Temperature Regulation
40
What chemical Structure is this?
H
I
H - C - O - H
I
H - C - O - H
I
H - C - O - H
I
H
Glycerol
41
Lipids always bond 3 fatty acids to 1 glycerol
42
________________ (R) Makes each fatty acid different by its length
Hydro Carbon Chain
43
COOH
Carboxyl Group/Acid
44
Contains one or more double bonds in the HydroCarbon Bond
Unsaturated Fats
45
Saturated Fats contains
All single bonds in the Hydrocarbon Chain
46
Saturated Fats are _____ at room temp
Solid
47
Unsaturated Fats are _____ at room temp
Liquid
48
A fat that is NOT natural
Trans Fat
49
A trans fat was changed from a ________ to a _________
Unsaturated, Saturated
50
To change an unsaturated fat to a saturated fat you need to
Adding partially hydrogenated oil
51
Any amount less than 0.4 grams of Trans Fats is considered
0 grams of trans fats
52
Examples of lipids
Triglycerides, Phospholipids, Steroid, Cutin
53
Cutin
Waxy coating on leaves
54
Steroids
Testosterones, Albuterol(Asthma)
55
Phospholipids
Cell Membranes
56
Triglycerides
Bloods
57
What chemical structure is this?
H
\
O O
| ||
C
|
H - C - H
|
H - C - H
|
H - C - H
||
C - H
|
H
Unsaturated Fatty Acid(Because of the multiple Double bonds)
57
What chemical structure is this?
CH2OH
|
C --- O
/ \
H - O O - H
\ /
O --- O
| |
H H
Glucose
57
What chemical structure is this?
H
\
O O
| ||
C
|
H - C - H
|
H - C - H
|
H - C - H
|
H - C - H
|
H
Saturated Fatty Acid(There is only 1 Double bonds)
58
The function of Proteins is...
Muscle tissue, Hair, Skin, and Nail Health,
59
Enzymes-
Controls chemical reactions that happen in the body
60
Venom is an example of a...
Protein
61
Foods that contain Protein
Meats, Lobster, Nuts, Beans, Spinach, Eggs, Cauliflower, Oatmeal
62
Elements in a Protein...
C, H, O, N, and sometimes Sulfer
63
Monomers of a Protein...
Amino Acids
64
R is the ______
Variables
65
Amine Group NH2 is on the...
Right of a protein structure
66
Dipeptide-
Two amino acids bonded together
67
A Dipeptide is bonded by...
Dehydration Synthesis
68
The name of the bond holding two amino acids together is called...
a Peptide
69
Polypeptide-
Many amino acids bonded together
70
The order of the __ different amino acids makes each protein different
20
71
Examples of proteins
Collagen, Keratin, Hemoglobin, Insulin, and Lactase.
72
Collagen-
Found in skin and bones
73
Keratin-
Found in hair, skin, and nails
74
Hemoglobin-
Protein found in blood
75
Insulin-
Hormone used to control blood sugar
76
Lactase-
Enzymes used to breakdown sugar
77
Nucleic Acids contains...
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphate
78
Nucleic Acids are the only organic compound containing...
Phosphate
79
________ are NOT a nutrient found in food
Nucleic Acids
80
They are found in the ____ of all _____
Nucleus, All Cells
81
Function of Nucleic Acids
carry the genetic code and help make proteins
82
Two types of Nucleic acids are...
DNA and RNA
83
Monomers for Nucleic Acids are called
Nucleotides
84
Nucleic Acids bond by
Dehydration Synthesis
85
Nucleotides are made up of
A Phosphate, A Sugar, And A Nitrogen Base(Nitrogenous Base)
86
Shape of a DNA`
Double Helix
87
Shape of a RNA
Single Chain
88
Sugar in DNA
Deoxyribose
89
Sugar in RNA
Ribose
90
Base in a DNA
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
91
Base in a RNA
Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine
