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Biology > Intro to Chemistry > Flashcards

Intro to Chemistry Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are life’s levels of organization?

A

Cells, Population, Communities, Ecosystems, Biosphere

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2
Q

Cells

A

the basic unit of life

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3
Q

Population

A

One type

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4
Q

Communities

A

All organisims

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5
Q

Ecosystems

A

Plus, abiotic factors(non-living)

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6
Q

Biosphere

A

All types

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7
Q

All things are made up of the same. units of matter

A

Atoms and Molecules

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8
Q

Living things are made up of a certain subset of molecules

A

Nucleic acids, Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids

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9
Q

The signature molecule of life

A

DNA

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10
Q

DNA is the

A

Molecules of inheritance

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11
Q

DNA directs the assembly of…

A

Amino acids(Proteins)

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12
Q

Acquiring traits by the transition of DNA from parent to offspring

A

Inheritance

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13
Q

Mechanisms by which an organism produces offspring

A

Reproduction

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14
Q

Instructions for each stage in DNA…

A

Development

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15
Q

Capacity to do work

A

Energy

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16
Q

Reactions by which cells acquire and use energy to grow, survive, and reproduce

A

Metabolism

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17
Q

…Sence changes in their environment and makes responses to them

A

Organisms

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18
Q

…Detect specific forms of energy

A

Receptors

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19
Q

The form of energy detected by a receptor is a…

A

Stimulus

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20
Q

Maintenance of internal environment within the range suitable for cell activities

A

Homeostasis

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21
Q

Living things evolve over time

A

Evolutionary Adaptation

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22
Q

Traits that help an organism survive

A

Adaptations

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23
Q

Organisms that have more favorable traits survive and pass the traits on to their offspring

A

Natural Selection

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24
Q

Basic unit of matter

A

Atoms

25
Q

An atom is made up of

A

Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons

26
Q

Most common elements in the human body

A

Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen

27
Q

Identifies the atom=to the number of protons

A

Atomic Number

28
Q

Number of protons and Neutrons

A

Atomic Mass

29
Q

Atoms of an element with different numbers of neutrons

A

Isotope

30
Q

It has an unstable nucleus, Gives off energy and particles, and Decays into another element

A

Radioisotopes

31
Q

Two or more elements chemically combined in definite proportions

A

Compounds

32
Q

The number and arrangement of their electrons

A

A reason for atoms to bond

33
Q

Vacancies in the outer shell

A

Hydrogen, Carbon, Oxygen, and Nitrogen

34
Q

It makes atoms more likely to bond

A

Unfilled Shells

35
Q

One or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another

A

Ionic Bond

36
Q

Atoms that have gained or lost electrons are called…

A

Ions

37
Q

Atoms that gain electrons become…

A

Negative ions

38
Q

Atoms that lose electrons become…

A

Positive ions

39
Q

The attraction between a posiitive and negative ion is an

A

Ionic Bond

40
Q

Electrons are shared between atoms

A

Covalent Bonds

41
Q

Covalent bonds form

A

Molecules

42
Q

Electrons are the same size and are shared equally, and Both atoms have a similar number of protons.

A

Nonpolar covalent Bonds Think “Scale”

43
Q

Electrons are not shared equally. Bigger size on one side, one atom has more protons than the other, and Electrons spend more time near the nucleus with the most protons.

A

Polar Covalent Bond “Tug o’ War”

44
Q

One end of the molecule becomes slightly positive, and the other becomes slightly negative

A

Polar Molecules

45
Q

The more positive end of one polar molecule is attracted to the more negative end of another polar molecule

A

Hydrogen Bonds

46
Q

Hydrogen bonds are

A

Between molecules and electrons are not shared.

47
Q

Called hydrogen bond because…

A

Hydrogen is often the more positive end.

48
Q

The chemical formula for water is

A

H20

49
Q

A water molecule is…

A

Polar-Covalent because the electrons are not equally shared.

50
Q

The oxygen atom has a…charge and the hydrogen atom has a…charge

A

Negative, Positive

51
Q

Electrons in H2O are more attracted to the

A

Oxygen Atom

52
Q

H2O forms…when the oppositely charged ends are attached

A

Hydrogen Bonds

53
Q

Water is important because

A

Water is liquid at most temperatures found on earth

54
Q

Water is the

A

Universal Solvent because many substances dissolve in water

55
Q

Moderate temperature change

A

High specific heat

56
Q

Water when frozen

A

Floats to the top

57
Q

An attraction between molecules of the same substance creates surface tension

A

Cohesion

58
Q

An attraction between molecules of different substances

A

Adhesion

Biology (6 decks)

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