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Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

produces chemical changes in organic substrate due to enzymes

A

fermentation

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2
Q

the three sources of organic compounds

A

nature, synthesis, fermentation

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3
Q

organic compounds consists of

A

carbon and one or more elements

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4
Q

characteristics of organic compound

A
  1. combustible
  2. high molecular weights
  3. less soluble in water
  4. slow to react due to covalent bonds
  5. less melting and boiling points
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5
Q

structural configurations produced by carbon atoms

A

chains, branched chains, rings, rings or chains with other elements

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6
Q

what are isomers

A

different compounds but same molecular formula

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7
Q

what are aliphatic compounds

A

organic compounds which longest chain is made up of carbon atoms only

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8
Q

what is saturated hydrocarbon/alkane

A

where all carbons are attached through a SINGLE bond

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9
Q

properties of sat. hydrocarbon

A

as mol. weight increases, boiling point and melting point increase
only dissolves in organic solvent

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10
Q

when sat. hydrocarbon compounds react, one of the H atoms is replaced by another element, the -ane is replaced with

A

-yl

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11
Q

methane (mol. formula)

A

CH4

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12
Q

ethane

A

C2H6

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13
Q

propane (mol. formula)

A

C3H8

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14
Q

butane (mol. formula)

A

C4H10

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15
Q

pentane (mol. formula)

A

C5H12

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16
Q

what are unsaturated hydrocarbons
double bond: alkene
triple bond: alkyne

A

where there are double or triple bonds unlike saturated hydrocarbon

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17
Q

common reactions in sat. hydrocarbons

A

oxidation with air/oxygen
halogen substitution
pyrolysis - heat breaks hydrocarbons with high mol. weight to smaller molecules
biological oxidation - bacteria oxidizes hc through aerobic conditions

18
Q

common reactions in unsat. hydrocarbons

*alkene and alkyne same reactions

A

oxidation - produce glycol
reduction - produce more saturated hydrocarbons
addition - acids bind with double/triple bonds
polymerization - unsat. molecules combine to form a higher mol. weight polymer
bacterial oxidation - similar w/ sat. hc

19
Q

alkene is also known as

A

olefins

20
Q

alkenes vs alkynes

A

these are with double bonds

these are with triple bonds

21
Q

alcohol

A

hydrocarbons with OH molecule

product of primary oxidation

22
Q

alcohol properties

A

a. as molecular weight increases, the solubility in water decreases
b. as molecular weight increases, bp and mp also increases

23
Q

diols

A

contain 2 or more OH groups

24
Q

product of oxidized isopropyl alcohol

A

acetone

25
Q

aldehydes vs ketones

A

both have carbonyl group however aldehydes have it on the end of the chain while ketones have it on the middle

26
Q

product of oxidized 2-butanol

A

methyl ethyl ketone

27
Q

acids properties

A

highest oxidation state

contains one or more carboxyl group

28
Q

saturated monocarboxylic

A

contains one carboxyl grp
known as fatty acids
liquid if compound has 1-9 carbon atoms but if not, solid
named by -oic

29
Q

unsaturated monocarboxylic

A

form metallic salts

can be reduced to saturated

30
Q

the principal acids in unsaturated monocarboxylic

A

acrylic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic

31
Q

ester

A

where acid and alcohol reacts

32
Q

ether

A

alcohol reacts with strong dehydrating reagent; O is sandwiched with 2 organic groups

33
Q

organic compound with halogens

A

alkyl halides and halogenated aliphatic

34
Q

cyclic aliphatic compounds

A

known as naphthene with 2 H atoms in each C atom

35
Q

mercaptans & thioalcohols

A

contain sulfur

36
Q

phenol

A

OH containing aromatic compounds; -ol

37
Q

heterocyclic compounds

A

organic compound with double bonds or attached to another element

38
Q

aromatic compounds

A

organic compound with alternating single, double bonds

39
Q

what are monosaccharides

A

glucose
fructose
galactose
mannose

40
Q

disaccharides

A

lactose
sucrose
maltose

41
Q

polysaccharides

A

starch

42
Q

fats, oils, waxes

A

fats - fatty acid glycerides which are solid
oils - fatty acid glycerides which are liquid
waxes - esters with long chain of acid and alcohol

chemistry (7 decks)

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