Organic Chemistry

Question 1

produces chemical changes in organic substrate due to enzymes

Answer 1

fermentation

Question 2

the three sources of organic compounds

Answer 2

nature, synthesis, fermentation

Question 3

organic compounds consists of

Answer 3

carbon and one or more elements

Question 4

characteristics of organic compound

Answer 4

1. combustible
2. high molecular weights
3. less soluble in water
4. slow to react due to covalent bonds
5. less melting and boiling points

Question 5

structural configurations produced by carbon atoms

Answer 5

chains, branched chains, rings, rings or chains with other elements

Question 6

what are isomers

Answer 6

different compounds but same molecular formula

Question 7

what are aliphatic compounds

Answer 7

organic compounds which longest chain is made up of carbon atoms only

Question 8

what is saturated hydrocarbon/alkane

Answer 8

where all carbons are attached through a SINGLE bond

Question 9

properties of sat. hydrocarbon

Answer 9

as mol. weight increases, boiling point and melting point increase
only dissolves in organic solvent

Question 10

when sat. hydrocarbon compounds react, one of the H atoms is replaced by another element, the -ane is replaced with

Answer 10

-yl

Question 11

methane (mol. formula)

Answer 11

CH4

Question 12

ethane

Answer 12

C2H6

Question 13

propane (mol. formula)

Answer 13

C3H8

Question 14

butane (mol. formula)

Answer 14

C4H10

Question 15

pentane (mol. formula)

Answer 15

C5H12

Question 16

what are unsaturated hydrocarbons
double bond: alkene
triple bond: alkyne

Answer 16

where there are double or triple bonds unlike saturated hydrocarbon

Question 17

common reactions in sat. hydrocarbons

Answer 17

oxidation with air/oxygen
halogen substitution
pyrolysis - heat breaks hydrocarbons with high mol. weight to smaller molecules
biological oxidation - bacteria oxidizes hc through aerobic conditions

Question 18

common reactions in unsat. hydrocarbons

*alkene and alkyne same reactions

Answer 18

oxidation - produce glycol
reduction - produce more saturated hydrocarbons
addition - acids bind with double/triple bonds
polymerization - unsat. molecules combine to form a higher mol. weight polymer
bacterial oxidation - similar w/ sat. hc

Question 19

alkene is also known as

Answer 19

olefins

Question 20

alkenes vs alkynes

Answer 20

these are with double bonds

these are with triple bonds

Question 21

alcohol

Answer 21

hydrocarbons with OH molecule

product of primary oxidation

Question 22

alcohol properties

Answer 22

a. as molecular weight increases, the solubility in water decreases
b. as molecular weight increases, bp and mp also increases

Question 23

diols

Answer 23

contain 2 or more OH groups

Question 24

product of oxidized isopropyl alcohol

Answer 24

acetone

Question 25

aldehydes vs ketones

Answer 25

both have carbonyl group however aldehydes have it on the end of the chain while ketones have it on the middle

Question 26

product of oxidized 2-butanol

Answer 26

methyl ethyl ketone

Question 27

acids properties

Answer 27

highest oxidation state | contains one or more carboxyl group

Question 28

saturated monocarboxylic

Answer 28

contains one carboxyl grp known as fatty acids liquid if compound has 1-9 carbon atoms but if not, solid named by -oic

Question 29

unsaturated monocarboxylic

Answer 29

form metallic salts | can be reduced to saturated

Question 30

the principal acids in unsaturated monocarboxylic

Answer 30

acrylic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic

Question 31

ester

Answer 31

where acid and alcohol reacts

Question 32

ether

Answer 32

alcohol reacts with strong dehydrating reagent; O is sandwiched with 2 organic groups

Question 33

organic compound with halogens

Answer 33

alkyl halides and halogenated aliphatic

Question 34

cyclic aliphatic compounds

Answer 34

known as naphthene with 2 H atoms in each C atom

Question 35

mercaptans & thioalcohols

Answer 35

contain sulfur

Question 36

phenol

Answer 36

OH containing aromatic compounds; -ol

Question 37

heterocyclic compounds

Answer 37

organic compound with double bonds or attached to another element

Question 38

aromatic compounds

Answer 38

organic compound with alternating single, double bonds

Question 39

what are monosaccharides

Answer 39

glucose fructose galactose mannose

Question 40

disaccharides

Answer 40

lactose sucrose maltose

Question 41

polysaccharides

Answer 41

starch

Question 42

fats, oils, waxes

Answer 42

fats - fatty acid glycerides which are solid oils - fatty acid glycerides which are liquid waxes - esters with long chain of acid and alcohol