Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOLOGY GRADE 10 > Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Four characteristics of organic compounds.

A
  • consists of large amounts of carbon
  • mostly a living origin
  • form CO² when burn in oxygen
  • large and complex molecules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Four characteristics of inorganic compounds.

A
  • consists of single carbon atoms eg. CO², CO
  • Usually not a living origin
  • Don’t form CO² when burn in oxygen
  • Small and simple molecules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Seven roles of water.

A
  • Universal solvent
  • Reagent in biochemical reactions
  • Medium in which biochemical reactions occur
  • Transport medium eg. Blood
  • Medium in which some plants and animals live
  • Germination of seeds
  • Regulation of temperature
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Definition of macro nutrients.

A

Macro nutrients are important for body systems to function properly and are needed in large quantities eg. C, H, O, P, K, N, S, Ca, Mg, Na.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Definition of micro nutrients.

A

Micro nutrients are needed for body systems to function properly and are needed in small quantities eg. I, Zn, Fe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is iron needed for?

A

To make haemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is haemoglobin found?

A

Red blood corpuscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the function of haemoglobin?

A

Transport oxygen in blood throughout the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does an iron deficiency lead to?

A

Anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How is anemia characterized?

A

Pale skin and tiredness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Give names of foods rich in iron.

A

Green leafy veg, red meat and beans.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does iron form part of? (Processes)

A

Part of enzyme and energy production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is calcium needed for in the body?

A

Muscle function and bone strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What can a deficiency of calcium cause?

A

Osteoporosis, an irregular heartbeat and muscle spasms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the deficiency of calcium mainly found in children?

A

Rickets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why does osteoporosis occur more in older women than in men?

A

They have given birth to children and their calcium has been used to form and strengthen the baby’s skeleton, and not been replaced, therefore their skeleton weakens and breaks down over time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is needed to produce the hormone thyroxine?

A

Iodine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does thyroxine control in the human body?

A

Our metabolism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Give a good source of iodine.

A

Seafood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What can a deficiency of iodine lead to?

A

Can lead to a goitre (swelling of the thyroid gland) this is known as hypothyroidism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

To what can hypothyroidism also lead to?

A

Stomach and breast cancer and mental retardation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where is an iodine deficiency common?

A

Landlocked countries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is meant when salt is iodated?

A

Means that there is iodine added to the salt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What do vitamins and minerals serve as in processes like cell respiration?

A

Regulating substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Where do we get vitamins and minerals from?

A

Fruit and vegetables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is vitamin A help with?

A

Good eye sight and healthy mucous membranes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Where can vitamin A be found?

A

Meat and dairy products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is beta-carotene?

A

Precursor of vitamin A.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Where can beta-carotene be found?

A

Comes form green leafy vegetables and intensely coloured fruits and vegetables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Is vitamin B a group of just one vitamin?

A

Group of B-vitamins (complex)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What do the B-vitamins play a role in?

A

Metabolic processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Where can vitamin B be found?

A

Fortified breads, cereals, fish, lean meats and milk.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is vitamin C required for?

A

Maintenance of connective tissues and healthy immune system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is vitamin C’s scientific name?

A

Ascorbic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is a vitamin C deficiency?

A

Scurvy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is symptoms classify scurvy?

A

Weakness, anemia, bruising, bleeding gums and loose teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What has lots of vitamin C?

A

Fresh fruit and vegetables, like strawberries and kiwi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What does vitamin D play a role in?

A

Aids calcium absorption and is important for strong teeth and bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Through what can vitamin D be obtained?

A

Exposure to sunlight, eating cheese, fish, butter, and fortified bread and cereals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

By what is vitamin K produced?

A

E.Coli in the colon

41
Q

What is vitamin K vital for?

A

Clotting of blood

42
Q

Where can vitamin K be found?

A

Green, leafy vegetables like cabbage and spinach as well as in cereals

43
Q

What 3 groups can carbohydrates be classified into?

A

Monosaccharides, Disaccharides and and polysaccharides

44
Q

How many carbon rings are in a monosaccharide structure?

A

6 carbon rings

45
Q

Give the 3 names of monosaccharides.

A

Glucose, Fructose and Galactose

46
Q

What type of carbohydrate is DNA?

A

Monosaccharide (5 Carbon ring structure)

47
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

48
Q

What does RNA srand for?

A

Ribonucleic acid

49
Q

Glucose + Glucose → ?

A

Maltose (malt sugar)

50
Q

Glucose + Fructose → ?

A

Sucrose (cane sugar)

51
Q

Glucose + Galactose → ?

A

Lactose

52
Q

Glucose + ? → Maltose (malt sugar)

A

Glucose

53
Q

Glucose + ? → Sucrose ( cane sugar )

A

Fructose

54
Q

Glucose + ? →Lactose (milk sugar)

A

Galactose

55
Q

Where is glycogen stored?

A

In the liver and muscles

56
Q

What is starch made up of?

A

Chains of glucose

57
Q

What is the test for starch?

A

Iodine solution

58
Q

What will happen to the starch test when starch is present?

A

Changes starch into blueish/purple colour (appears black)

59
Q

What elements are proteins made of? Give four elements.

A

C, H, O, N

60
Q

What are proteins?

A

Polymers

61
Q

What are polymers?

A

Large molecules

62
Q

What do polymers consist of?

A

Monomers

63
Q

What is the monomer of proteins?

A

Amino acids

64
Q

How many amino acids are there?

A

20 different kinds

65
Q

What are biological catalysts?

A

Initiate or accelerate reactions without taking part themselves?

66
Q

What does it mean if enzymes are temperature specific?

A

Denature at high temp, inactive at low temp

67
Q

What does it mean if enzymes are pH specific?

A

Wrong pH causes enzymes to denature.

68
Q

Give another thing enzymes are specific over?

A

Substrate (that which they work on like a protein)

69
Q

What is kwashiorkor?

A

Protein deficiency

70
Q

What happens to body if the person has kwashiorkor?

A

Metabolic water stored in tummy, excess metabolic water, therefore tummy bloats and occurs bigger

71
Q

What do the substrate and enzyme form temporarily?

A

Temporary enzyme complex

72
Q

What is the test for proteins also called?

A

Biuret test

73
Q

What is the test solution for protein?

A

Copper sulfate

74
Q

What colour does the solution of copper sulfate turn to if proteins are present?

A

Violet (occur purple)

75
Q

What solution is used to test for sugars?

A

Benedict’s solution

76
Q

What are proteins needed for?

A

Growth and repair and replacement of tissues

77
Q

What is a biochemical reaction that builds up?

A

Anabolism (Anna)

78
Q

What is a biochemical reaction that breaks down?

A

Catabolic (cat)

79
Q

Give an equation for lipids

A

1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids →1 fat

80
Q

What are fats used for?

A

Reserve energy

81
Q

What part of the cell do fats form part of?

A

The cell membrane

82
Q

Give two functions of fats.

A

Insulate the body and prevent heat loss as well as generate heat. Protect vital organs against injury.

83
Q

From which foods can fat be obtained?

A

Butter, cheese, cream and oils (palm and coconut)

84
Q

What vitamins are fat soluble?

A

A, D, E, K

85
Q

What are the two types of cholesterol?

A

LDL and HDL

86
Q

Which cholesterol is bad?

A

LDL

87
Q

What happens when you have LDL cholesterol?

A

Arteries narrow

88
Q

What illness can be caused by LDL cholesterol?

A

Herat attack and stroke

89
Q

What is the function of HDL cholesterol?

A

Prevent heart disease

90
Q

What can’t fats dissolve in?

A

Water

91
Q

What can fats dissolve in?

A

Alcohol

92
Q

What does it mean when we say that fats are hydrophobic?

A

They push water off

93
Q

What is cholesterol made of and how does it appear?

A

Made of hormones and cell membranes and it appears white and waxy.

94
Q

Where is cholesterol obtained from?

A

Produced in liver and and obtained from food

95
Q

What is a illness caused by cholesterol?

A

Atherosclerosis

96
Q

What happens when a person is diagnosed with atherosclerosis?

A

Too much cholesterol will cause clotting in the arteries and veins which will cause them to narrow

97
Q

Where is HDL cholesterol transported?

A

Out of arteries and to the liver

98
Q

What does LDL cholesterol do?

A

Forms plague that deposits in arteries and brain

BIOLOGY GRADE 10 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions