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BIOLOGY GRADE 10 > Mammalian Tissues > Flashcards

Mammalian Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What are tissues?

A

A group of cells with the same structure and same functions.

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2
Q

How are tissues formed?

A

Cells divide, differentiate and specialize

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3
Q

Give 4 types of tissue

A
  1. ) Epithelial tissue
  2. ) Connective tissue
  3. ) Muscle tissue
  4. ) Nerve tissue
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4
Q

Give 3 characteristics of epithelial tissue.

A
  • Cover structures and organs
  • Line hollow organs and tubes
  • Usually one layer of cells
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5
Q

Give the names of four types of epithelial tissue

A
  1. ) Squamous epithelium
  2. ) Cuboidal epithelium
  3. ) Columnar epithelium
  4. ) Ciliated epithelium
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6
Q

Give three characteristics of squamous epithelium.

A
  1. ) Thin flat cells
  2. ) Single nucleus in the middle
  3. ) No intercellular spaces
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7
Q

Give three functions of squamous epithelium

A
  • Covers structures (eg. Skin - multi-layered epithelium)
  • Lines tubes and hollow organs and makes them smooth to prevent friction (eg. Blood vessles inside cheeks)
  • Thin surface for diffusion (eg. Alveoli and capillary blood vessles)
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8
Q

Give a characteristic of cuboidal epithelium.

A

Cuboidal in shape.

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9
Q

Give the main function of cuboidal epithelium.

A

Lines glands in organs with a secretory function (secretes whatever the gland produces)

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10
Q

Give two places in the body where cuboidal epithelium can be found.

A

Renal tubules and thyroid gland

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11
Q

Where can columnar epithelium be found?

A

In the digestive tract

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12
Q

Give a characteristic of columnar epithelium

A

It has goblet cells.

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13
Q

Give the function of columnar epithelium

A

Secretes mucus for lubrication

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14
Q

Give 3 characteristics of ciliated epithelium

A
  • Has cilia
  • Has goblet cells
  • Cilia perform wave-like movements
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15
Q

Give two places where ciliated epithelium is involved in the body

A

Move mucus from trachea and moves egg cells down the Fallopian tube

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16
Q

What happens to epithelium cells in the bladder when the bladder is full?

A

They lie in a single layer

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17
Q

What happens to the epithelium cells in the bladder if the bladder is empty?

A

The bladder forms clumps of epithelium cells

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18
Q

Give 3 characteristics common in all connective tissues

A
  1. ) Develop from mesoderm in the embryo.
  2. ) Consists of matrix with cells and fibres.
  3. ) Connect tissues and structures.
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19
Q

Give the 6 different types of connective tissue.

A
  • Areolar connective tissue
  • Dense connective tissue (tendons)
  • Elastic connective tissue (ligaments)
  • Cartilage
  • Bone
  • Blood
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20
Q

What is the function of areolar connective tissue?

A

Connect skin to underlying muscles

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21
Q

What can areolar connective tissue contain?

A

Adipose/Adipocere - fat tissue

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22
Q

What type of fibres does dense connective tissue have?

A

Dense, white and non-elastic fibres

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23
Q

What do tendons connect?

A

Connect muscle to muscle and muscle to bone

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24
Q

What colour is elastic connective tissue’s fibres?

A

Yellow elastic fibres

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25
What do ligaments connect?
Connect bone to bone
26
Give the 3 types of cartilage.
* Hyaline Cartilage * White, non-elastic cartilage (fibrous) * Yellow elastic cartilage
27
What determines the type of cartilage?
The number and types of fibres determine the type of cartilage
28
Give another word for ground substance
The matrix
29
What is the matrix mainly made of in cartilage?
Chondrion
30
What is chondrion?
A type of protein
31
What are the cells in the cavaties called?
Chondrocytes
32
What are chondrocytes in the cavaties called?
Lacunae
33
What is the name of the membrane that surrounds the cartilage?
Perichondrium
34
What are the two functions of hyaline cartilage?
* Gives shape to structures | * Prevents friction
35
Where does hyaline cartilage prevent friction?
At the ends of bones in joints
36
Where does hyaline cartilage give shape to a structure?
Tip of the nose
37
What does non-elastic cartilage contain?
Bundles of white, non-elastic collagen fibres
38
Give a characteristic of non-elastic cartilage.
Relatively few chondrocytes
39
Give three locations where non-elastic cartilage cab be found.
* Disks between vertebrae * Pubic symphysis * Forms sockets of joints
40
What is found in the matrix of yellow, elastic cartilage?
Many yellow, elastic branched fibres in matrix.
41
Where can yellow, elastic cartilage be found? Give 3 places.
* External pinna of the ear (shell of the ear) * Eustachian tubes * Epiglottis
42
What does bone tissue consist of? Give 2 things.
* Units of Haversian systems | * Salts (eg. Carbonates, phosphates, calcium and magnesium in layer)
43
What is bone tissue surrounded by?
Periosteum
44
Which 4 things does the Haversian canal contain?
1. ) Venule 2. ) Arteriole 3. ) Lymph capillary 4. ) Nerve fibre
45
What two components does blood consist of?
Blood plasma and blood corpuscles
46
What are the functions of blood? Give 6 functions.
To transport gases, nutrients, waste products, hormones and enzymes. As well as to spread heat through the body.
47
Give 11 components in the composition of blood plasma.
* Water * Salts * Gases * Amino acids * Glucose * Urea * Creatinine * Uric acid * Globulin * Albumin * Fibrinogen
48
Give three characteristics of red blood corpuscles.
* No nucleus * Biconcave * Elastic
49
Where are red blood corpuscles produced?
Red bone marrow
50
Approximately how long do red blood corpuscles "live"?
120 days
51
Where are red blood corpuscles broken down?
In the spleen and liver.
52
What is the scientific name for whit blood cells?
Leucocytes
53
Where are the lymphocytes produced?
In the lymph glands
54
What role to lymphocytes play?
They play a role in immunity
55
Where are leucocytes produced?
In the red bone marrow
56
What is the scientific name for blood platelets?
Thrombocytes
57
What is the function of blood platelets?
Clotting of blood
58
What is fibrinogen?
A fibre-like protein
59
Give 3 types of muscle tissue.
1. ) Cross-striated (skeletal) muscle tissue 2. ) Smooth muscle tissue 3. ) Cardiac muscle tissue
60
What type of fibres does smooth muscle have?
Spindle shaped fibres
61
Give two characteristics of smooth muscle tissue.
It is involuntary and there is a single nucleus in the middle of the cell.
62
What is the scientific name for muscle bridges in cardiac muscle tissue?
Intercalar discs
63
What appearance does cardiac muscle tissue have?
Cross-striated appearance
64
What is the term for the fact that the heart can beat on its own?
Automatism
65
What type of fibres does cross-striated muscle tissue have?
Cylindrical fibres
66
What is cross-striated muscle tissue surrounded by?
Sarcolemma
67
What shape is the nucleus in sarcoplasm under sarcolemma?
Oval shaped
68
Give a definition of nerve tissue
Highly specialized cells (neurons)
69
Give the three main types of neurons.
* Motor neurons * Sensory neurons * Interneurons
70
What are the two outgrowths neurons have?
Dendrites and axons.
71
What is the function of a dendrite?
Conduct impulses towards a body cell
72
What is the function of an axon?
Conduct impulses away from body cell to next neuron
73
What is secreted by the synaptic gap?
Acetyl choline
74
What is the function of sensory neurons?
Conduct impulses from receptors to central nervous system.
75
What is the function of motor neurons?
Conduct impulses from central nervous system to effectors
76
What is the scientific name of "connecting neurons"?
Interneurons
77
What are multipolar neurons?
Motor neurons
78
What are unipolar neurons?
Sensory neurons
79
What are bipolar neurons?
Interneurons

BIOLOGY GRADE 10 (6 decks)

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