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BIOLOGY GRADE 10 > Mammalian Tissues > Flashcards

Mammalian Tissues Flashcards

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1
Q

What are tissues?

A

A group of cells with the same structure and same functions.

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2
Q

How are tissues formed?

A

Cells divide, differentiate and specialize

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3
Q

Give 4 types of tissue

A
  1. ) Epithelial tissue
  2. ) Connective tissue
  3. ) Muscle tissue
  4. ) Nerve tissue
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4
Q

Give 3 characteristics of epithelial tissue.

A
  • Cover structures and organs
  • Line hollow organs and tubes
  • Usually one layer of cells
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5
Q

Give the names of four types of epithelial tissue

A
  1. ) Squamous epithelium
  2. ) Cuboidal epithelium
  3. ) Columnar epithelium
  4. ) Ciliated epithelium
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6
Q

Give three characteristics of squamous epithelium.

A
  1. ) Thin flat cells
  2. ) Single nucleus in the middle
  3. ) No intercellular spaces
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7
Q

Give three functions of squamous epithelium

A
  • Covers structures (eg. Skin - multi-layered epithelium)
  • Lines tubes and hollow organs and makes them smooth to prevent friction (eg. Blood vessles inside cheeks)
  • Thin surface for diffusion (eg. Alveoli and capillary blood vessles)
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8
Q

Give a characteristic of cuboidal epithelium.

A

Cuboidal in shape.

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9
Q

Give the main function of cuboidal epithelium.

A

Lines glands in organs with a secretory function (secretes whatever the gland produces)

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10
Q

Give two places in the body where cuboidal epithelium can be found.

A

Renal tubules and thyroid gland

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11
Q

Where can columnar epithelium be found?

A

In the digestive tract

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12
Q

Give a characteristic of columnar epithelium

A

It has goblet cells.

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13
Q

Give the function of columnar epithelium

A

Secretes mucus for lubrication

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14
Q

Give 3 characteristics of ciliated epithelium

A
  • Has cilia
  • Has goblet cells
  • Cilia perform wave-like movements
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15
Q

Give two places where ciliated epithelium is involved in the body

A

Move mucus from trachea and moves egg cells down the Fallopian tube

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16
Q

What happens to epithelium cells in the bladder when the bladder is full?

A

They lie in a single layer

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17
Q

What happens to the epithelium cells in the bladder if the bladder is empty?

A

The bladder forms clumps of epithelium cells

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18
Q

Give 3 characteristics common in all connective tissues

A
  1. ) Develop from mesoderm in the embryo.
  2. ) Consists of matrix with cells and fibres.
  3. ) Connect tissues and structures.
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19
Q

Give the 6 different types of connective tissue.

A
  • Areolar connective tissue
  • Dense connective tissue (tendons)
  • Elastic connective tissue (ligaments)
  • Cartilage
  • Bone
  • Blood
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20
Q

What is the function of areolar connective tissue?

A

Connect skin to underlying muscles

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21
Q

What can areolar connective tissue contain?

A

Adipose/Adipocere - fat tissue

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22
Q

What type of fibres does dense connective tissue have?

A

Dense, white and non-elastic fibres

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23
Q

What do tendons connect?

A

Connect muscle to muscle and muscle to bone

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24
Q

What colour is elastic connective tissue’s fibres?

A

Yellow elastic fibres

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25
Q

What do ligaments connect?

A

Connect bone to bone

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26
Q

Give the 3 types of cartilage.

A
  • Hyaline Cartilage
  • White, non-elastic cartilage (fibrous)
  • Yellow elastic cartilage
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27
Q

What determines the type of cartilage?

A

The number and types of fibres determine the type of cartilage

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28
Q

Give another word for ground substance

A

The matrix

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29
Q

What is the matrix mainly made of in cartilage?

A

Chondrion

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30
Q

What is chondrion?

A

A type of protein

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31
Q

What are the cells in the cavaties called?

A

Chondrocytes

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32
Q

What are chondrocytes in the cavaties called?

A

Lacunae

33
Q

What is the name of the membrane that surrounds the cartilage?

A

Perichondrium

34
Q

What are the two functions of hyaline cartilage?

A
  • Gives shape to structures

* Prevents friction

35
Q

Where does hyaline cartilage prevent friction?

A

At the ends of bones in joints

36
Q

Where does hyaline cartilage give shape to a structure?

A

Tip of the nose

37
Q

What does non-elastic cartilage contain?

A

Bundles of white, non-elastic collagen fibres

38
Q

Give a characteristic of non-elastic cartilage.

A

Relatively few chondrocytes

39
Q

Give three locations where non-elastic cartilage cab be found.

A
  • Disks between vertebrae
  • Pubic symphysis
  • Forms sockets of joints
40
Q

What is found in the matrix of yellow, elastic cartilage?

A

Many yellow, elastic branched fibres in matrix.

41
Q

Where can yellow, elastic cartilage be found? Give 3 places.

A
  • External pinna of the ear (shell of the ear)
  • Eustachian tubes
  • Epiglottis
42
Q

What does bone tissue consist of? Give 2 things.

A
  • Units of Haversian systems

* Salts (eg. Carbonates, phosphates, calcium and magnesium in layer)

43
Q

What is bone tissue surrounded by?

A

Periosteum

44
Q

Which 4 things does the Haversian canal contain?

A
  1. ) Venule
  2. ) Arteriole
  3. ) Lymph capillary
  4. ) Nerve fibre
45
Q

What two components does blood consist of?

A

Blood plasma and blood corpuscles

46
Q

What are the functions of blood? Give 6 functions.

A

To transport gases, nutrients, waste products, hormones and enzymes. As well as to spread heat through the body.

47
Q

Give 11 components in the composition of blood plasma.

A
  • Water
  • Salts
  • Gases
  • Amino acids
  • Glucose
  • Urea
  • Creatinine
  • Uric acid
  • Globulin
  • Albumin
  • Fibrinogen
48
Q

Give three characteristics of red blood corpuscles.

A
  • No nucleus
  • Biconcave
  • Elastic
49
Q

Where are red blood corpuscles produced?

A

Red bone marrow

50
Q

Approximately how long do red blood corpuscles “live”?

A

120 days

51
Q

Where are red blood corpuscles broken down?

A

In the spleen and liver.

52
Q

What is the scientific name for whit blood cells?

A

Leucocytes

53
Q

Where are the lymphocytes produced?

A

In the lymph glands

54
Q

What role to lymphocytes play?

A

They play a role in immunity

55
Q

Where are leucocytes produced?

A

In the red bone marrow

56
Q

What is the scientific name for blood platelets?

A

Thrombocytes

57
Q

What is the function of blood platelets?

A

Clotting of blood

58
Q

What is fibrinogen?

A

A fibre-like protein

59
Q

Give 3 types of muscle tissue.

A
  1. ) Cross-striated (skeletal) muscle tissue
  2. ) Smooth muscle tissue
  3. ) Cardiac muscle tissue
60
Q

What type of fibres does smooth muscle have?

A

Spindle shaped fibres

61
Q

Give two characteristics of smooth muscle tissue.

A

It is involuntary and there is a single nucleus in the middle of the cell.

62
Q

What is the scientific name for muscle bridges in cardiac muscle tissue?

A

Intercalar discs

63
Q

What appearance does cardiac muscle tissue have?

A

Cross-striated appearance

64
Q

What is the term for the fact that the heart can beat on its own?

A

Automatism

65
Q

What type of fibres does cross-striated muscle tissue have?

A

Cylindrical fibres

66
Q

What is cross-striated muscle tissue surrounded by?

A

Sarcolemma

67
Q

What shape is the nucleus in sarcoplasm under sarcolemma?

A

Oval shaped

68
Q

Give a definition of nerve tissue

A

Highly specialized cells (neurons)

69
Q

Give the three main types of neurons.

A
  • Motor neurons
  • Sensory neurons
  • Interneurons
70
Q

What are the two outgrowths neurons have?

A

Dendrites and axons.

71
Q

What is the function of a dendrite?

A

Conduct impulses towards a body cell

72
Q

What is the function of an axon?

A

Conduct impulses away from body cell to next neuron

73
Q

What is secreted by the synaptic gap?

A

Acetyl choline

74
Q

What is the function of sensory neurons?

A

Conduct impulses from receptors to central nervous system.

75
Q

What is the function of motor neurons?

A

Conduct impulses from central nervous system to effectors

76
Q

What is the scientific name of “connecting neurons”?

A

Interneurons

77
Q

What are multipolar neurons?

A

Motor neurons

78
Q

What are unipolar neurons?

A

Sensory neurons

79
Q

What are bipolar neurons?

A

Interneurons

BIOLOGY GRADE 10 (6 decks)

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