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BIOLOGY GRADE 10 > Cell Theory > Flashcards

Cell Theory Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the cell membrane consist of?

A

Proteins and phospholipids

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2
Q

What do phospholipids consist of?

A

Phosphorus and lipids

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3
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A

Selectively permeable, controls passage substances

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4
Q

What are the functions of the cell nucleus? Give 3 functions.

A
  • Controls all cell functions
  • controls inheritance (DNA)
  • controls the synthesis of proteins
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5
Q

What is diffusion?

A

The spontaneous movement of a gas/liquid from a high to a low concentration.

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6
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Movement of water from a high to a low water potential through a selectively permeable membrane.

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7
Q

What is active transport?

A

Movement of substances against a diffusion gradient, energy is needed

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8
Q

Give an example of active transport.

A

Respiration

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9
Q

What is facilitated transport?

A

A carrier molecule is necessary/needed

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10
Q

What is the formula for cell respiration?

A

C⁶H¹²O⁶ + 6O² → 38ATP + 6CO² + 6H²O

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10
Q

What is the formula for cell respiration?

A

C⁶H¹²O⁶ + 6O² → 38ATP + 6CO² + 6H²O

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11
Q

What are the three plastids in plant cells?

A

Chloroplasts, chromoplasts and leucoplasts

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12
Q

What are chloroplasts used for?

A

Photosynthesis

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13
Q

What are chromoplasts?

A

Indicator of ripeness in plants

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14
Q

What is a centrosome?

A

It is made up of 2 centrioles

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15
Q

What is a centriole?

A

Spindle formed during mitosis

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16
Q

Give the equation for photosynthesis.

A

Radiant energy + 6CO² + 6H²O → C⁶H¹²O⁶ + 6O²

17
Q

Give two functions of the vacuole.

A
  • Vacuole lends support to plant through turgor pressure.

* Stores substances

18
Q

Give three points mentioned in cell theory.

A
  • All living organisms are made of cells and are either unicellular or multicellular.
  • The cell is the smallest basic unit of life that shows characteristics and properties of life.
  • All cells come from cells that have existed before because cells divide to reproduce.
19
Q

Give three points mentioned in the modern cell theory.

A
  • Energy flows inside cells.
  • Hereditary information (DNA in genes) is passed on from one cell to another and instructs all activities in the cell.
  • All cells have the same basic chemical composition.
20
Q

Give 7 examples of animal cells.

A
  • egg cell (ovum)
  • red blood cell
  • sperm cell
  • cheek cell
  • bone cell
  • nerve cell
  • intestinal cell
21
Q

Give 6 examples of plant calls.

A
  • vessels
  • fibre
  • epidermal cell
  • root hair cell
  • tracheid
  • meristematic cell
22
Q

What are the 5 phases of mitosis in chronological order?

A
  1. ) Interphase
  2. ) Prophase
  3. ) Metaphase
  4. ) Anaphase
  5. ) Telophase
23
Q

How much does percentage does each phase take up of the cell’s lifetime?

A

Interphase - 90%

Prophase to Telophase - 10%

24
Q

What are the three most important functions of Mitosis?

A
  1. ) Growth of organisms.
  2. ) Repair and replacement of damaged or worn cells.
  3. ) Reproduction of unicellular (simple) organisms.
25
Q

What are autosomes?

A

They are body chromosomes

26
Q

What is a gonosome?

A

It is a sex chromosome.

27
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes does each cell contain?

A

23 pairs

28
Q

How many pairs of autosomes does one cell have?

A

22 pairs

29
Q

How many pairs of gonosomes does one cell have?

A

1 pair

30
Q

What does a XX cell portray?

A

Female

31
Q

What does an XY cell portray?

A

Male

32
Q

What is another term for interphase?

A

DNA replication

33
Q

Give 6 processes that occur in prophase of mitosis

A
  • Chromatin Network shortens and becomes visible as chromosomes.
  • Nuclear membrane disintegrates.
  • Nucleolus disintegrates.
  • Nuclear plasma changes from a sol (liquid solution) to a gel.
  • Centrioles double and move to the opposite poles.
  • Spindle fibres form.
34
Q

What is the function of the spindle fibres in prophase?

A

Aid separation of chromosomes

35
Q

Give two processes that occur during metaphase

A
  • Chromosomes arrange on equatorial level.

* Centromeres are attached to the spindle fibres.

36
Q

Give 3 processes that take place during Anaphase

A
  • Spindle fibres shrink (shorten).
  • Centromeres split into two.
  • Chromatids move to opposite poles.
37
Q

Give three processes that take place in Telophase.

A
  • An invagination forms.
  • Cytokinesis (division of cytoplasm) takes place.
  • Nuclear membrane and nucleus form.
38
Q

What is the end result of mitosis?

A

Two genetically identical daughter cells.

39
Q

In a plant cell, what forms in the place of spindle fibers and centrioles?

A

A cell plate forms.

BIOLOGY GRADE 10 (6 decks)

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