Organic Chem Review Flashcards
Describe the Differences between Alkane, Alkene, and Alkyne
C-C: Alkane
C=C: Alkene
C///C: Alkyne
What is the difference between Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons?
Saturated means all bond options are full
Unsaturated means not all bonds are full
How many Valence Electrons exist in Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Hydrogen, and Sulfur?
H=1 O=2 C=4 N=3 S=2
Explain Cycloalkanes
Ring Structures containing two fewer H atoms than theircorresponding alkane
What are substituted Hydrocarbons?
One or more hydrogen atoms are replaced with a functional group
Name the Alkanes from 1-10
Methane Ethane Propane Butane Pentane Hexane Heptane Octane Nonane Decane
Define Aliphatic and Aromatics
Aliphatic mean straight chained or branched
Aromatics: contain a Benzene Ring and are cyclic
Define Ketone and aldehyde
Ketone- Carbonyl group attached to two R groups
Aldehyde: Carbonyl group on terminal 1 carbon
Define Esters
Organic compounds formed by the reaction between a carboxylic acid and alcohol
Define Thiols
Contains sulfhydryl group (-SH)
Define Hydroxyl and its functional group characteristics
-OH,
Not Highly Reactive
Readily form Hydrogen Bonds
Contributes to making molecules soluable in water
Alcohols and sugars are loaded with Hydroxyl groups
Define Carbonyl and its functional group characteristics
- Contribute to water-solubility
- exists in Aldyhyde and Ketone Groups
Define Carboxyl and its functional group characteristics
- Weak Acids/partially releases hydrogen ions
- Frequently ionizes, giving its H from Hydroxyl Group to carry a negative O
- Negative charge allows for electrostatic interactions
Define Amine Groups and its functional group characteristics
- NH2
- Basic in nature
- Become Ionized with an additional H+, -NH3+
- Amino Acids, Urea, ammonia
