Amino Acids & Proteins

Question 1

Hydrophobic

Answer 1

Fearful of water

Question 2

Hydrophilic

Answer 2

Attracted to water

Question 3

Name the Hydrophobic Amino Acids

Answer 3

Glycine, Alanine, Valine, Leuicine, Isoleucine, Phenyalanine, Tryptophan

Question 4

Name the Hydrophilic Amino Acids

Answer 4

Serine, Threonine, Asparagine, Glutamine `

Question 5

Define Charged Amino Acids

Answer 5

Either positively or negatively charged these amino acids like to be at the surface of a folded protein to interact with other charged atoms/molecules

Question 6

Name the Charged Amino Acids

Answer 6

Tyrosine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Lysine, Arginine

Question 7

Name the Special Amino Acids and whats special about them

Answer 7

Proline- Conducts a beta turn on its amide group

Cysteine- creates disulfide bonds

Methionine- simple sulfer atom

Histidine- can maintain 4 separate structures at different pHs

Question 8

Explain what happens to the structure of Histidine

Answer 8

Below pH 1.8- Normal
Between 1.8-6.0- Loss of Hydrogen on Carbonyl
Between 6.0-9.3- Loss of Hydrogen of Phenyl aminde
Above 9.3- Loss of Electron on base

Question 9

DNA and RNA Amino Acid Source

Answer 9

Glycine, Glutamine, Aspartate

Question 10

Dopamine, Norepinephrine, Epi

Answer 10

Role: Neurotransmitter

Tyrosine

Question 11

Serotonin

Answer 11

Role: Neurotransmitter

Trptophan

Question 12

Histamine

Answer 12

Role: Blood vessels dilation/allergic response

Histidine

Question 13

Herne/Porphyrins

Answer 13

Role: Hemoglobin/Myoglobin, metabolic molecules

Glycine

Question 14

Thyroxin

Answer 14

Role: Thyroid Horomone

Tyrosine

Question 15

Spingosine

Answer 15

Role: Spingosine

Serine

Question 16

Melanin

Answer 16

Role: Skin Pigment

Tyrosine

Question 17

NAD+

Answer 17

Role: Coenzyme

Tryptophan, Glycine

Question 18

Glutathione

Answer 18

Role: Anti-Oxidant (Sulfer)

Glutamate, cysteine, glycine

Question 19

Nitrous Oxide (NO)

Answer 19

Role: Signaling Molecule

Arginine

Question 20

How do Peptide bonds link to form polypeptide chains?

Answer 20

Linking the carboxyl group of one amino acid to amino group of the next amino acid

Question 21

Explain B-Sheets

Answer 21

Secondary structure that are pleasted that maximize hydrogen bonding

Question 22

What amino acids make up the structural components of a triple helix?

Answer 22

Proline, Glycine, hydroxyl protein

Question 23

What are the characteristics and cause of Osteogenesis Imperfects?

Answer 23

AKA Brittle Bone Disease, collagen containing tissues are affected, point mutations that cause collagen to destabilize/alter

Question 24

Scurvy

Answer 24

• Deficency of Vitamin C (absorbic Acid)

- Required cofactor for hydroxylation of prolines/lysines, that stabalize triple helix

Question 25

What is the difference between Myoglobin and Hemoglobin?

Answer 25

Myoglobin (1 O2 binding Site)

Hemoglobin (4 O2 binding sites)